Imagery Essay Topics

Imagery Essay TopicsImagery essay topics should be self-explanatory. They are able to help you get more attention from your teachers, which in turn will lead to better grades. You can use an imagination essay topic as a springboard for brainstorming ideas on how to best solve a particular problem or to learn more about the subject matter.Imagery essay topics can serve as research materials or they can serve as study guides. Some of the subjects you can try are history, geography, politics, religion, science, technology, and literature. It can be a great idea to follow up with imagery essay topics with the use of your own text, just to see if you have better luck with them.So many students choose to use images to supplement their thinking, but when you look at the actual content of imagery essay topics, there are many ways to use your images. By making use of images, you not only provide a visual aide to the words you are speaking, but it can also illustrate the words that are being s poken. When you are not able to relate your ideas to images, you are limiting yourself to words, and you may be less effective in expressing yourself in your text.In addition to the questions that you are answering in your imagery essay topics, there are also points where you can use pictures to clarify something. Visuals can be used to illustrate points that you have already clarified through your sentences and paragraphs. Take, for example, this writing assignment, which describe a group of people getting together to eat food, and how it relates to a civil rights event in the area. The writer's point is a simple one, but the picture presented here actually is a great visual aid.Each person in the picture in the writing assignment looked a little different from the other person, and by focusing on each individual person, you are showing that each person was an individual being, that had his or her own thoughts and feelings. If you remember, your writing assignment deals with an ent ire group of people, so using a picture to help you clearly demonstrate this is a great way to help you connect the parts of your essay. By providing an image to back up your points, you are strengthening your overall argument.If you are trying to find out more about people who might be part of the picture, or if you are trying to understand the culture of the people you are viewing in the picture, you can always try to do it through words, but it can be difficult if you are limited to writing words and pictures. Writing an image allows you to remember what the person was like and what they were wearing, but it also helps you to better understand why they were there in the first place. Remember, pictures are powerful tools that can help you connect the dots in your essay and they allow you to describe your subject in a more personal way.Imagery essay topics are also great to help you clarify your ideas and views. Many teachers think that using images will confuse students, and while this may be true in some instances, the opposite is also true. By using images and helping to emphasize the qualities of each individual, you are actually building a better understanding of your subject.Imagery essay topics can be quite powerful, and they are sometimes even used in college as a real-life course. Students will often find that the best pictures and photos to use in their essays come from the places they usually visit on a daily basis. Take the time to take care of your students, because it is very likely that it will pay off in the end.

Pnb Project Report Free Essays

string(68) " in Hongkong at Kowloon was opened in the first week of April’09\." Research Project on Application Management of Information System in Punjab National Bank IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF MASTER’S DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY (2008-2010) Submitted by: Pratik Jain — 0781563908 Northern India Engineering College (N. I. E. We will write a custom essay sample on Pnb Project Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now C), Delhi Under the valuable guidance of: Mrs. Shaveta Kumar (Faculty, N. I. E. C) Subject: Information System Management Course Code: MS-205 Submitted on: 30 17 November, 2009 Acknowledgement This formal piece of acknowledgement is an attempt to express the feeling of gratitude towards people who helped me in successful completion of research project. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. B. D Sharma (branch manager, PNB), for his constant co-operation. He was always there with his competent guidance and valuable suggestion throughout the pursuance of this research project. Special thanks to Mrs. Shaveta Kumar, my internal coordinator who guided me to work honestly and to give valuable suggestion for improving my work. Above all no words can express my feelings to my parents, friends all those persons who supported me during my project. I would also like to thank almighty God for his blessings showered on me during the completion of project report. INDEX | | | | | |S. NO |Sub Topic |Topic Name |Page Number | | |S. NO | | | |1. |Acknowledgement |2 | |2. |COMPANY PROFILE | | | |1. |Origin – Punjab National Bank |4 | | |2. |Profile |5 | | |3. Vision and Mission |6 | | |4. |Financial Performance Comparison |7 | |3. |INFORMATION SYSTEM IN PNB | | | |1. |History of Information System in PNB |8 | | | |1. 2000- The Beginning | | | | |1. b 2001-2003- Long Term Strategy | | | | |1. c 2004-2007- Growth | | | | |1. d 2008- Rural Initiative | | | | |1. 2009- 100% CBS Implementation | | | |2. |Other Banking Applications |12 | | | |2. a Straight to Processing (STP) | | | | |2. b Depository Setup | | | | |2. Bank Mate EDI | | | |3. |PNB IT Setup |13 | | | |3. a Systems | | | | |3. b Network Design | | | | |3. Storage, WAN Connectivity | | | | |3. d Security Systems | | | | |3. e Hardware Software Resources | | | |4. |Organizations Other Computing Resource |15 | | | |4. Payroll TPS | | | | |4. b Online Assistance | | | | |4. c Account Opening – MIS | | | | |4. d SPNS, RTGS Mobile Alert Service | | |4. IMPACT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM | | | |1. |Finacle’s Impact |16 | | |2. |Impact on Employees, Customers |17 | |5. |Available Alternatives |18 | |6. |Conclusion |19 | |7. Suggestion |20 | |8. |References |21 | Company Profile – Punjab National Bank Origin Established in 1895 at Lahore, undivided India, Punjab National Bank (PNB) has the distinction of being the first Indian bank to have been started solely with Indian capital. The bank was nationalized in July 1969 along with 13 other banks. From its modest beginning, the bank has grown in size and stature to become a front-line banking institution in India at present. |[p|A professionally managed bank with a successful track record of over 110 years. | |ic| | |] | | |[p|Largest branch network in India – 4668 Offices including 432 Extension Counters spread throughout the country. |ic| | |] | | |[p|Strategic business area covers the large Indo-Gangetic belt and the metropolitan centers. | |ic| | |] | | |[p|Ranked as 248th biggest bank in the world by Bankers Almanac, London. |ic| | |] | | |[p|Strong correspondent banking relationships with more than 217 international banks of the world. | |ic| | |] | | |[p|More than 50 renowned international banks maintain their Rupee Accounts with PNB. |ic| | |] | | |[p|Well equipped dealing rooms; 20 different foreign currency accounts are maintained at major centers all over the globe. | |ic| | |] | | Profile With its presence virtually in all the important centers of the country, Punjab National Bank offers a wide variety of banking services which include corporate and personal banking, industrial finance, agricultural finance, financing of trade and international banking. Among the clients of the Bank are Indian conglomerates, medium and small industrial units, exporters, non-resident Indians and multinational companies. The large presence and vast resource base have helped the Bank to build strong links with trade and industry. With over 38 million satisfied customers and 4668 offices, PNB has continued to retain its leadership position among the nationalized banks. The bank enjoys strong fundamentals, large franchise value and good brand image. Besides being ranked as one of India’s top service brands, PNB has remained fully committed to its guiding principles of sound and prudent banking. Apart from offering banking products, the bank has also entered the credit card debit card business; bullion business; life and non-life insurance business; Gold coins asset managementsbusiness,setc. Since its humble beginning in 1895 with the distinction of being the first Indian bank to have been started with Indian capital, PNB has achieved significant growth in business which at the end of March 2009 amounted to Rs 3,64,463 crore. Today, with assets of more than Rs 2,46,900 crore, PNB is ranked as the 3rd largest bank in the country (after SBI and ICICI Bank) and has the 2nd largest network of branches (including three overseas offices). PNB has always looked at technology as a key facilitator to provide better customer service and ensured that its ‘IT strategy’ follows the ‘Business strategy’ so as to arrive at â€Å"Best Fit†. The bank has made rapid strides in this direction. Along with the achievement of 100% branch computerization, one of the major achievements of the Bank is covering all the branches of the Bank under Core Banking Solution (CBS), thus covering 100% of its business and providing ‘Anytime Anywhere’ banking facility to all customers including customers of more than 2000 rural branches. The bank has also been offering Internet banking services to the customers of CBS branches like booking of tickets, payment of bills of utilities, purchase of airline tickets etc. Towards developing a cost effective alternative channels of delivery, the bank with more than 2150 ATMs has the largest ATM network amongst Nationalized Banks. With the help of advanced technology, the Bank has been a frontrunner in the industry so far as the initiatives for Financial Inclusion is concerned. With its policy of inclusive growth in the Indo-Gangetic belt. The Bank has launched a drive for biometric smart card based technology enabled Financial Inclusion with the help of Business Correspondents/Business Facilitators (BC/BF) so as to reach out to the last mile customer. The BC/BF will address the outreach issue while technology will provide cost effective and transparent services. The Bank has started several innovative initiatives for marginal groups like rickshaw pullers, vegetable vendors, dairy farmers, construction workers, etc. The Bank has already achieved 100% financial inclusion in 21,408svillages. Backed by strong domestic performance, the bank is planning to realize its global aspirations. In order to increase its international presence, the Bank continues its selective foray in international markets with presence in Hongkong, Dubai, Kazakhstan, UK, Shanghai, Singapore, Kabul and Norway. A second branch in Hongkong at Kowloon was opened in the first week of April’09. You read "Pnb Project Report" in category "Essay examples" Bank is also in the process of establishing its presence in China, Bhutan, DIFC Dubai, Canada and Singapore. The bank also has a joint venture with Everest Bank Ltd. EBL), Nepal. Under the long term vision, Bank proposes to start its operation in Fiji Island, Australia and Indonesia. Bank continues with its goal to become a household brand with global expertise. Amongst Top 1000 Banks in the World, ‘The Banker’ listed PNB at 250th place. Further, PNB is at the 1166th position among 48 Indian firms making it to a list of the worldâ€⠄¢s biggest companiesscompiledsbysthesUSsmagazines‘Forbes’. Punjab National Bank continues to maintain its frontline position in the Indian banking industry. In particular, the bank has retained its NUMBER ONE position among the nationalized banks in terms of number of branches, Deposit, Advances, total Business, operating and net profit in the year 2008-09. The impressive operational and financial performance has been brought about by Bank’s focus on customer based business with thrust on SME, Agriculture, more inclusive approach to banking; better asset liability management; improved margin management, thrust on recovery and increased efficiency in core operations of the Bank. Vision and Mission Vision To be a Leading Global Bank with Pan India footprints and become a household brand in the Indo-Gangetic Plains providing entire range of financial products and services sssssssunder one roof† Mission â€Å"Banking for the unbanked† Performance Comparison over the years [pic] During the FY 2008-09, the bank achieved a net profit of Rs 3,091 crore, maintaining its number ONE position amongst nationalized banks. Bank has a strong capital base with capital adequacy ratio at 14. 03% as on March’09. As on March’09, the Bank has the Gross and Net NPA ratio of 1. 77% and 0. 17% respectively. During the FY 2008-09, its’ ratio of priority sector credit to adjusted net bank credit at 41. 53% agriculture credit to adjusted net bank credit at 19. 72% was also higher than the respective national goals of 40% 18%. Information System in PNB History of Information System at PNB 2000 – The Beginning In March 2000, the penetration and use of IT was not very high at PNB. PNB was relying on manual processes to collect, store, and analyze business data. Its retail branches were not connected and it was difficult for management to understand business drivers and impediments. This situation made it difficult for PNB to provide optimum customer service and resulted in lost opportunities. Manual operations were also costly to support. The bank used seven different software, which ran on 13 different flavors of UNIX, on standalone PCs. The 500-odd branches were not networked and only 35 percent of the bank’s business was computerized. The overall expertise in IT among users was low. The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) issued a directive to the bank to computerize at least 70 percent of its business by December 2000. This prompted the bank to work out a strategy to tackle the daunting task in the short period of time. At that time there were various factors which caused a barrier in implementing an Information System for centralized banking. These weaknesses were:- †¢ Different Unix OS used in different branches. †¢ Different standalone financial applications on PCs at different branches. †¢ Lack of interoperability due to disparity in systems. †¢ Limited expertise on the software packages currently deployed. †¢ Most branches did not have a proper LAN in place. PNB hired a consultant and devised a two-pronged plan of action. The plan comprised: †¢ A short term goal – To meet the CVC deadline of 70 percent computerization. †¢ A long term goal – To create a dependable core banking infrastructure and build a nationwide network to connect different branches to the core infrastructure. PNB chose a product from a company called Nelito. It was a DOS-based, ‘Partial Branch Automation’ application. Standalone versions were chosen since there weren’t LANs in place, and deployment of LANs at branches would take so long that the CVC deadline couldn’t be met. The interface was simple in design, and thus easy for the bank personnel to use. The bank requested CVC for an extension of the deadline and was granted time till March 2001. By March 2001, 70. 60 percent of the bank’s business was computerized. 2001-2003 – The Long Term Strategy In the long-term, PNB wanted a technology that would consolidate all its business resources and sustain the bank’s future growth. It also wanted to create its own network, which would play a vital role in its success. Three consultants were appointed to review technology options for long-term adoption. The verdict of the consultants was to deploy a centralized core banking architecture. On 30 March 2001, the bank used the services of Infosys for the deployment of Finacle. A core team was selected, which would be the heart of the project. Infosys trained 200-odd personnel from a core team over six months. The core team modified and customized the package according to its specific needs. As the time passed besides making a mark in terms of revenues, the bank— among the few technology-savvy PSUs—set up examples for other banks, especially PSUs in early of this decade. Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), a division of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), presented PNB with the award for excellence in banking technology in 2002. This was quite an achievement considering that the technology transformation started only two-and-a-half years back at PNB. In March 2000, the bank had only 36 percent of its businesses covered on computers, as against 84 percent in 2002. PNB purchased servers, security infrastructure, and storage equipment and decided to house it in its own central data center in New Delhi. A lot of infrastructure from Cisco has been used to build the data center. In April 2002 the bank rolled-out Finacle in 7 branches as a pilot venture. This was done because the bank had seven different application packages, and it wanted to ensure smooth migration of the data into Finacle. By mid May 2002, all data from other software was successfully migrated into Finacle and by end of year, the number of locations has increased to 12. As far as the centralized core banking system is concerned, PNB has a data centre at the corporate office and all these 12 centers have an extension to that data. This system enables an individual having an account in any of our branches to conduct transactions/operate the account from any of these 12 branches. 2004-2007 – The Growth Stage In 2004, India’s National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) nominated Punjab National Bank (PNB) as the best user of technology in its sector. The bank continued to spread the technology to more of its branches and centers. The adoption of Core Banking Solution not only ensured standardization of products, but also enabled quick launch of the new and innovative financial products ensuring sufficient lead time to market it. The core banking solution offered seamless platform for integrating various such initiatives and also reduces the cost of transaction, thereby offering financial products at an affordable cost. On May 27,2004 Punjab National Bank (PNB) has introduced Loans and Advances Data Desk for Evaluations and Reports, (LADDER), a computerized management information system for rationalization of returns, asset classification and provisioning, credit monitoring and NPA management. The implementation of the system comprised two modules. The first module would require branches to capture data on borrowal accounts as a | |one-time activity with transaction updates at periodic intervals. | |   | |The second module for implementation of the software envisages collection of information on the loan accounts from the stage of receipt of | |application to disbursement of sanctioned loans. | | |With the implementation of this system, manual collation of a large number of loan-related returns become redu ndant and branch staff | |concentrated on business development and objective monitoring of asset quality. | 2008 – Rural Initiative Infosys Technologies Ltd (Infosys) and Punjab National Bank (PNB) in 2008 announced that PNB has chosen Finacle from Infosys to power its core banking initiative for rural banking deploying Finacle across PNB’s six Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) covering 1300 branches. Punjab National Bank took lead in business excellence and commitment to customers by providing core banking coverage to its 4850 service outlets. Due to the remoteness of rural branch locations, there were issues such as connectivity of branches for operational ease, centralization of data, and enhancement of customer service as well as innovation in banking products. Moreover, all this is needed at a substantially lower cost for RRBs as their operations were relatively less complex. Finacle from Infosys recognized this need of RRBs and adapted its industry leading core banking solution to suit the requirements of these institutions. PNB management selected this platform to transform and standardize the operations of its RRBs. A majority of Indian banks were already ahead in terms of adoption of new age technology. Extending the benefits of technology to RRBs helped sponsor banks in not just priority sector lending but also present an additional business avenue with tremendous potential. Finacle enabled RRBs to better manage audit processes, adhere to statutory compliance, enhance internal MIS requirements and offer customers competitive services on par with commercial banks. 2009 – 100% CBS Implementation In Feb, 2009 India’s second largest public sector bank, announced that it has completed 100 per cent core banking implementation at its 4604 branches and extension counters through the FinacleaUniversalaBankingaSolutionafromaInfosys. The bank implemented industry-leading Finacle CBS across its operations running a flexible and scalable database platform from Oracle and innovative and cost-effective Sun SPARC enterprise serversafromaSunaMicrosystems. Finacle has enabled the bank to consolidate and centralize its operations, improving branch efficiency and productivity per employee. Consolidation has also resulted in reduction of revenue leakage and cost, while increasing ease of technical support and maintenance at branches. The solution’s scalability has also enabled the bank’s scalability to be the best in the countryawithatheanumberaofapeakatransactionsaata3. 5amillion. Further, the bank has covered all the branches under CBS platform including extension counters. As a result, 38 million PNB’s customers are enjoying the facility of â€Å"one bank – one account†. In addition, the bank has intended to build a data center capable of handling business of 6000 branches and 1 lakh terminals. The bank was awarded â€Å"IBM green award† for adopting environment friendly technology for data warehouse implementation during the year. Other Banking Applications The banking major also introduced a number of value added services like ATMs, Tele-banking, SMS banking, mobile banking and Internet banking, remote access facility through its website, etc. under a license from RBI to launch Internet banking. The bank also enabled customers to avail of the Straight to Processing (STP) facility. The biggest advantage of STP is that if a person with an account in Delhi deposits a cheque in Chennai, his account in Delhi gets updated the same day. PNB’s team has also customized this package to suit the typical requirements of a public sector bank. â€Å"As PNB handles huge number of government accounts—public provident fund, deposit of income tax, deposit of different duties and treasury payments, PNB had to customize it and also built a module for government businesses into this package. The bank also has a depository set-up (to store dematerialized share certificates) at its corporate office in New Delhi and another in Mumbai. Customers owning shares and bonds can deposit them at these depositories after which the hard copies are destroyed. The bank, on the other hand, keeps a digital copy of all these documents. Thus, one does not have to bother about the loss of paper, or a signature that does not match and so on. Customers can now instruct the bank at any point of time to transfer these securities. Another very interesting development with PNB is its contract with Indian Railways. It is putting up an ATM machine at the New Delhi station’s reservation office, which is going to be a interface between the Railways’ server and the bank’s server. Once this is functional, customers can collect their tickets from the ATM machine and the payment can be made using credit or debit cards. Once this is successful and the interface is done, the bank plans to enable all their ATMs across the country on this platform. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is another technology initiative that the bank has taken up. It has entered into an agreement with the Customs department wherein the Customs’ server is connected with the bank’s corporate office server, which is further connected to several branches of PNB and also to importers. Thus, whatever duties are required to be deposited with the Customs department can be debited from the importer’s (read customer’s) account automatically. The pilot project for this has already been carried out and the bank plans to introduce this service soon. The PSU has also introduced bilingual software known as Bank-mate. With the help of this software one can generate reports in Hindi and also can get his/her passbook in Hindi. This is already in operation at around various branches and PNB is also getting orders for this package from other banks. PNB’s IT Setup PNB also has a number of applications running on its network like any other Financial Institution. The bank has standardized all its platforms on UNIX operating system and RDBMS on Oracle. Other OS like Microsoft’s windows 2000/ XP are also enabled in centers. As far as the hardware platform is concerned, PNB has Sun Microsystems’ Web servers at the data centre. Apart from this, they are also using Compaq, IBM and Xeon servers. At some locations, the bank is still using DOS machines to run some of their ATMs. Systems Before deploying the core banking architecture, PNB used servers which were NT-based, from IBM, and from other vendors. The bank conducted benchmarking tests for Finacle on various server platforms. And it was satisfied with the performance of Sun’s hardware on Solaris. Sun’s Fire servers, Solaris OS, and Oracle’s RDBMS are now in use. Network design Cisco has tied up with PNB to evolve the network design and implement a nationwide network backbone to connect all its offices. Cisco will assist the bank in understanding and implementing the various technologies associated with the project. The converged network infrastructure allowed PNB to standardize the applications and software needed to provide the banking services. The various branches are connected to the data center using new-world routing and switching technologies. Storage systems The bank has followed RBI’s storage requirement guidelines. Provisions have been made to store transaction data for around 10 years. In some cases, data is stored permanently. Around 164 Sun enterprise class servers are used in DAS architecture. The total capacity is of multiple TBs. The Sun hardware uses an in-built storage management tool. Later look over a storage management application from VERITAS. WAN and connectivity 101 branches of the bank were on a WAN in 2000. The bank put 500-odd branches on the WAN in 2002, and in three years the WAN had 2000-odd branches. The bank tried a number of connectivity options. 802. 11b wireless connectivity was installed in five branches to begin with. The bank then explored the option of leased lines and used connectivity from MTNL and BSNL. It also used Bharti’s leased line between Mumbai and Delhi. The bank also used Reliance Infocomm’s fiber optic backbone along with the leased lines in locations where the optic fiber does not reach. PNB had appointed HCL Com-net to carry out 24Ãâ€"7 monitoring of the countrywide network. There’s a live link between HCL and PNB’s IT head office. The network is monitored remotely and can also be viewed at the bank’s IT facility, where a separate monitoring system is used. Security Systems Security was especially important because the bank could afford no compromise. The security architecture had to be robust, reliable, and scalable to meet current and future needs. Cisco was chosen as the service provider who could meet these stringent requirements. The bank uses a range of security products like Firewalls and IDSs from Cisco for its security needs in its LANs and WAN. All data transactions between its routers and switches are encrypted. It has appointed Ramco Systems as the security integrator. The security integrator is responsible for the complete security infrastructure and is answerable for any security breach or lapse. The bank appointed security administrators. VeriSign provided the necessary Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to the bank for secure transactions. Software Resources PNB is using various software’s for its operational activities for its smooth and efficient running, the Software used by PNB include:-  ¬ Microsoft office 2003 Acrobat Reader  ¬ Bank-mate  ¬ Attack Filters: – Spyware, Trojan, VoIP etc.  ¬ Protocols: – IP, VLAN, DNS, HTTP, FTP, TCP, TELNET, UTP etc.  ¬ Operating System’s:- UNIX, Solaris, Windows NT, 2000 Server, XP etc..  ¬ Databases: – MS Access, MS SQL, Oracle, FoxPro. Hardware Resources To fulfill the requirement and as per compatibility with software these hardware a re used:-  ¬ HCL, IBM etc Desktops,  ¬ Printer  ¬ NT Based servers from IBM,  ¬ Sun’s hardware for Solaris,  ¬ Network Cards.  ¬ Routers, Scanners etc†¦ Organizations Other Computing Resources Payroll Transaction Processing System Payroll TPS, which is a typical accounting transaction processing system found in PNB. A payroll system keeps track of the money paid to employees. The master file is composed of discrete pieces of information (such as a name, address, or employee number) called data elements. Data are keyed into the system, updating the data elements. The elements on the master file are combined in different ways to create reports of interest to management and government agencies and to send paychecks to employees. Management notices the record of the employee’s efficiency to work and may declare added bonus or other incentive. This report is checked and approved by the branch manager after which cheque is issued to the employee. Online Assistance PNB provides its customers online assistance by providing i-banking, online complaints, providing them information about various products and services. These complaints and assistance are processed by customer care services executive. Account Opening In account opening the MIS is used, every information about the customer is recorded like their name, address, account, type of account, account information, their sample signature, these helps in Identification of customer instantly and creating a database at faster rate. This includes the filling of KYC and AC forms. SPNS (Shared Payment Network System) Swadhan, the first SPNS launched in Mumbai by IBA. The banks that participate on this network could issue the cards to customers for transacting on networks. RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) RTGS System is a payment settlement system that minimizes the credit risk in the prevalent cheque clearing system. Under RTGS the funds are settled on a near real time basis across Banks in different locations. Bank offers this immediate electronic fund transfer facility to RTGS enabled bank branches across through the country its designated RTGS enabled locations. Mobile Alert Service The clients now have the facility to subscribe to Mobile Alert Service for receiving alerts on registered mobile phone numbers instantly after the funds are pooled. Impact of Information Systems An information system is there to empower its users. A database simply provides data, but an information system is all about providing the best information the user needs to do their task more effectively. It also takes into account that different users doing their own specific tasks may need to see their information presented in differing ways. The benefits of an information system follow when the user can quickly access, understand and respond correctly to that information. The implementation of Information Systems in PNB and other financial institutions had a vast impact on the Employees (the way they work), Customers, The industry Government. The system provides information on the past, present and project future and on relevant events inside and outside the organization. Finacle’s Impact Finacle core banking solution is a comprehensive, integrated yet modular business solution that effectively addresses the strategic and day-to-day challenges faced by banks. It is highly parameterizable providing that much-needed flexibility to adapt to a dynamic environment. The solution has an integrated CRM module enabling banks to offer a rich and differentiated value proposition to customers. The layered Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), STP capabilities, web-enabled technology and 24 X 7 operations ensure multi-channel, multi-country and multi-currency implementations. The functionality-rich modules in the solution provide banks with a varied palette of features to continuously innovate on their product and service offerings. With Finacle core banking solution, banks can meet the challenges of managing change, competition, compliance and customer demands effectively. †¢ Differentiated Product Spread Finacle core banking solution offers an unlimited palette of features for banks to design and deploy products for varying market segments. The product bundling capabilities of the solution offers a wide range of possibilities for banks to create products with innovative features. The facilities provided for differential pricing, channel rules and customization through Finacle Studio – the scripting engine, empower banks to continuously innovate and extend their suite of products, across segments. †¢ Agile Operations The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) enables the IT team at the bank to effect changes without touching the base code, ensuring lesser vendor dependency and faster adaptability to changing business conditions. Robust Cross-sell Framework The CIF and CRM capabilities in Finacle offer a unified view of the customer across the entire solution and across multiple back-end applications, enabling the bank to view the customer from a completely informed angle. This empowers banks to effectively manage customer relationships and aggressively explore cross-sell opportunities. †¢ Increased Operatio nal Efficiencies and Productivity Finacle core banking solution supports business events automation and process orchestration, thus eliminating manual tasks and reducing process time. The elimination of error and data redundancies also results in increased branch productivity. Straight through Processing (STP) abilities enhance reduction in turnaround and processing time, increasing output and enabling speedy completion of tasks. The multilingual web-based single repository of information enables remotely located bankers to collaborate and transact seamlessly. Impact on Employees Information System serves employees with user friendliness, easy storage and access of data, removal of redundancies, fastening up of the processes and providing up of multiple views at same time. In beginning the issues were mostly cultural. Most staffers were used to working in a manual environment, and some had worked in standalone environments. In the new networked environment, personnel at the node/counter didn’t actually ‘see’ the transactions updating in the various account books. This gave rise to a number of queries and suggestions from personnel. It took around six-eight months for the personnel to felt that the environment ‘change’ had done them good, and they were used to working on the systems. Other Available Alternatives The Indian banking sector is slowly coming of age and hand grooming this sector is the banking solution market, which has carved a name for itself in the global arena. Not to forget the pro-active government reforms that are helping the Indian banking market reach greater heights and adding glitz and glamour to Indian economy as a whole. Other then Finacle from Infosys there are various available alternatives for which the banking industry and financial institutions can opt. These are:- †¢ Office Accounting Professional 2009 †¢ SAP ERP Financials †¢ Tally 9: Financial Accounting and Inventory Management Software †¢ Flexcube – ‘i-flex solutions’ Hyperion Financial Management – System 9 While in past i-flex solutions’ flagship product Flexcube has been rated the #1 banking product in the world by UK based IBS, an independent banking solutions rating vendor, but Infosys Technologies’’ Finacle doesn’t took long en ough to overtake Flexcube. But now a day’s SAP ERP programmes are giving a tough competition to Finacle. Conclusion A management information system is a system or process that provides the information necessary to manage an organization effectively. MIS and the information it generates are generally considered essential components of prudent and reasonable business decisions. This report starts with the Punjab National Bank with overview of PNB followed by history of information system and the steps taken by PNB to be effective in banking industry by using information’s technology. Information Technology (IT) innovations in the last few years have changed the landscape of banks in India. Today, IT seems to be the prime mover of all banking transactions. Electronic and Information Technology together are bringing a swift change in the way banks operate, especially offering better delivery channels and customers’ friendly services. Anywhere banking, telebanking, mobile banking, net banking, automated teller machine(ATMs), credit cards, debit cards, smart cards, call centers, CRM, data warehousing have totally transformed the banking industry. Today almost all the major banks in India like ICICI Bank, UTI Bank, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, ABN Amro, SBI and PNB are offering online services to their customers. ATMs have emerged as the most favored channel for offering banking services to the customers in the world. One of the biggest benefits that the bank has derived out of IT has been the tremendous saving on recruitment front—the bank has not recruited more staff even while the business and work pressures have gone up five times. Consequently, PNB’s profitability has also increased. To train users the bank has set up more than 15 computer training labs across the country. It explains all the TPS how the transactions are made by the bank, using of these TPS from the new events such as account opening, new allowances etc†¦ to the routine work including cash and payments record, updating of records, payroll and the processing of the complaints. These TPS holds all the activities from the manager and employees to the customers. The report discuses the inbound and the outbound logistics and relate all the processes of TPS used in the bank with the Information System is enabling the bank to provide the quality and satisfactory services to their customers. Suggestions The bank is using information system efficiently and it has increased the customer satisfaction, efficiency, data storage, fast data retrieval. But to improve more and regarding future success of PNB here are the some suggestions. The bank must update Hardware to get maximum performance from Information Systems in order to allow the IS to procure the least amount of system resources it requires for functioning.  ¬ The bank should update all their software, networks etc to keep information system up to date for competitive edge, customer satisfaction.  ¬ Steps should be taken to increase the safety to avoid the unethical practices like phishing.  ¬ Need for improved training for using Information Technology and tools to employees.  ¬ Intra firm communication should be improved. References Websites:- http://www. networkmagazineindia. com/200305/tech4. shtml http://www. expresscomputeronline. com/20021202/banks7. shtml http://www. business-standard. com/india/news/pnb-to-implement-loan-data-software/151819/ http://www. financialexpress. com/news/pnb-in-networking-pact-with-cisco/64296/ http://www. pnbindia. com/ http://netpnb. com/ Books:- PNB Vision 2007-2008 Zonal Training Centre Guide. ———————– (The name you can bank upon) All Banks Average Punjab National Bank (Performance Chart) (Amount in Rs Crore) How to cite Pnb Project Report, Essay examples

The Global Effect of the Invention of Soap free essay sample

The more complaisant it makes them, supple, Smooth, docile, the more slobbers, the more Its rage becomes voluminous, pearly†¦ Magic Stone! The more it forms with air and water Clusters of scented grapes, Explosive†¦ Water, air and soap Overlap, play At leapfrog, form Combinations less chemical than Physical, gymnastical, acrobatical Rhetorical? There is much to say about soap. † Francis Ponge, Italian Renaissance Literature, â€Å"Soap. † The Culture of Cleanliness in Renaissance Italy. Soap; such a simple word with a huge meaning. Oxford dictionary defines soap as, â€Å"a substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide. † And that is just it. Soap, although simple, is also so very complex, and used to improve so much. Soap is commercially and socially used for cleaning and sanitation and has had a very significant impact on the health of the overall world. Although the very first usage and production of soap was never officially documented, it is said to be possible that soap could have been discovered/used in as far back as early prehistoric times. We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Effect of the Invention of Soap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though the creation of soap is a very old process, typically in early civilizations, it was not widely used by the peoples of those specific times. Even in modern times the lack of soap has caused epidemics of small, and sometimes even large, proportions. Juergen Eichholtz, states, â€Å"In Europe alone, the annually recurring influenza epidemics or severe virus epidemics could be tackled through improved hygiene. The EHEC epidemic in Germany in 2011, or the recently imported Noro virus from China which paralyzed many students in German primary schools, clearly demonstrate the need for regular hand washing with soap. Washing your hands with soap is so quick and simple, yet so often neglected. Many epidemics in the early history before soap, are known to have been avoidable if soap was more commonly used and more commonly available. The Global Handwashing Organization goes on to explain on their website, â€Å"handwashing can prevent the transmission of a variety of pathogens, it may be more effective than any single vaccine. Promoted on a wide enough scale, handwashing with soap can be thought of as a â€Å"do-it-yourself† vaccine. Ingraining the habit of handwashing could save more lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention. †They further prove that soap has a significant impact on health by comparing soap to a vaccine. Here, the GHO (Global Handwashing Organization) is trying to discuss their idea of a simple vaccination without the trouble of a traditional vaccination. Many things in the past were used in place of soap. Including items such as strigils that were used in ancient Rome , clay cylinders containing a soap like substance that were used in Babylon, and Ebers papyrus that was used for reference in ancient Egypt. Before soap was officially declared to have been an invented substance and noted in medical notebooks, exclusive Muslim soap makers and chemists used vegetable oils, aromatic oils, and lye as a sort of soap for cleaning and cleansing. These oils could also be replaced by the fats of animals, typically killed for sacrifices, mixed with wood ashes and lye to create another sort of soap. This process was widely used for making soap, and was how many civilizations and people created soap before it was mass sold for profit and general benefit. One of the most famous sanitation projects can be found in Ancient Rome in the widely known Roman Bathes. The Roman civilization developed a series of aqueducts that stretched over approximately 260 miles of land. These aqueducts lead to public fountains, wealthy elite’ homes, and to the famous Roman bathes. The Romans were one of the first, if not the first civilization to develop public bathes where citizens could come and bathe and even socialize whenever they pleased. Within these bathes, there were three chambers for bathing. One chamber had water with extremely high temperatures and a lot of steam, creating an environment almost like a sauna to open your pores and relax your muscles. Another chamber had a comfortable, warm water temperature where slaves would rub olive oil on your body and scrape the excess dirt off your body with strigils. This, although it sounds rather painful, was very relaxing and was considered extremely cleanly. And the third, and final chamber had large pools of cool water where you could sit and socialize with other Roman citizens while the pores of your body close, as a result, preventing the penetration of dirt and germs. Although soap would have done an adequate job as well, the Romans created a brilliant system to cleanse the body without the widespread use of soap. Many civilizations are known to have had periods of time when they believed that they had created the â€Å"first† soap. Ancient Babylonians were officially declared the first inventors of soap, with evidence dating back to 2800 B. C. however; Michel Eugene Chevreul is the scientific father and inventor of soap. Chevreul was a French Chemist born in 1786 to a family of doctors. He spent most of his life studying the structure and properties of lipids, and lead to his discovery of the concept of fatty acids. These discoveries of fatty acids sparked his interest in the concept of soap and eventually to his invention of soap. Some people may ask, â€Å"Why use soap? Why even make soap? † The answer to these questions are as follows: Soap is good for overall health of everyone and the production of soap allows the general health of the public easier to access. Rob Dunn, a contributor to Scientific American Blog, states, â€Å"Increasingly, the world seems to be rife with contamination. Fortunately, all of the main companies producing hygiene products have offered a solution–sanitary, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antibiotic, wipes, and soaps to kill anything that dares to creep into our wholesome lives. These salves will cure us of the demons that dare to grow near us. † When Dunn says this, he is completely correct. Without the proper and frequent use of sanitation products, such as soap, the general public would be more exposed to the world full of deadly germs. Sickness could be avoided through the simple wash of your hands. CNN wrote an article on their website called â€Å"Lack of soap means, illness, death for millions of children,† where they explain, â€Å"Across the globe, 2. 4 billion people do not have access to clean sanitation, according to the World Health Organization. An estimated 1. 5 million children die every year because their immune systems are not mature enough to battle diarrheal and respiratory diseases spread in contaminated environments. † Dr. Eric Mintz, leader of the Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Epidemiology team at the CDC further adds to the statement made by CNN by saying, â€Å"It seems so simple, soap and water. But imagine never being taught how to do that. † Dr. Mintz has a point that can relate further back into history when there wasn’t any product like soap to help keep things sanitized. Outbreaks of disease were common and were frequently spread due to tightly populated cities and towns. Those who didn’t use the simple soap and water were often very exposed to sickness and diseases. Therefore, outbreaks were almost uncontrollable in places that didn’t use soap. In fact, many organizations have been developed for less privileged, third world countries to receive soap and items similar. Organizations like the Global Soap Project, contributes soap to these soap-less societies. The Global Soap Project recycles soap from North American hotels and motels that would otherwise end up in piles in landfills. This organization re-manufactures new bars of soap that are donated to underprivileged countries. Along with this giving of soap, they teach the local citizens information about proper hygiene that improves and almost always changes their lives. Soap obviously has a significant impact on people’s health and well-being. But does it have any other impacts? The obvious answer to this question is yes. Soap also has a very big impact on the economy with its mass production and manufacture. â€Å"Soap and synthetic detergents are used by practically very industry as an essential raw material or operating supply. † Soap, especially in the textile industry is commonly used. Companies such as those that produce items of fabric and similar material are required to wash their materials before they are able to sell them for a profit. Also, soap is popular in the food industry. Restaurants are required by the health department to wash all their dishes, silverware, and glasses. As we ll as the tables, tablecloths, bathrooms, and according to most health laws, the employees must frequently wash their hands. The list of examples of soap being used in specific industries goes on and on. This further proves that soap has a massive economic impact due to the fact that it is used in almost every industry in one way or another, in some form or fashion. Whether it be the workers who need to use the soap, or the product being sold that needs to be cleaned. An interesting idea is posed by an iconic children’s cartoon, â€Å"Spongebob Squarepants†. A specific quote from an episode entitled, â€Å"Squirrel Jokes,† refers specifically to soap. The main character, Spongebob, offers a joke and by asking, â€Å"Soap, Soap. What is Soap? † Though a harmless cartoon, the writer, Stephen Hillenburg, poses an interesting question that most don’t think of when watching the episode. What would the world be without soap? Just how much smaller would the world’s population be if soap was never invented? Would soap end up being eventually invented in the future? What is it like for people who are not aware of the simple concept of soap? There are no true, completely correct answers to any of these questions. Although the world without soap is a terrifying thought, it is believed that we should be thankful for the invention of soap and that we should continue to purify the world through the use of this wonderfully brilliant product. Appendix Picture #1 Appendix Picture #2 Appendix Picture #3 Primary Sources Biow, Douglas. â€Å"Chapter 2: Soap and Washerwomen. † The Culture of Cleanliness Italy. Ithica, NY: Cornell UP, 2006. N. pag. Print This book gives a brief explanation of soap and how it is made. The main information that comes out of this book is the primary sources on peoples opinions of soap.

Professional College Essay Writer Explained

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Research Paper Topics in Histopathology

Research Paper Topics in HistopathologyResearch paper topics in histopathology are plentiful, but there are many pitfalls to avoid. While there is great literature on the subject, there is also a significant amount of it that is incorrect or very old. If you are in a position to do so, this article will offer several suggestions to help you get started with an interesting research topic.Since the content of a research paper topics in histopathology can be quite confusing, it helps to have some familiarity with the actual field. When writing a research paper, this is best accomplished by understanding the types of pathology that is studied. You should understand what characteristics make up histopathology and be able to describe those qualities.Histopathology is the study of the presence or absence of some pathology on a particular tissue or organism. It is often described as the study of the 'level of evidence', where one finds some level of pathology and attributes a cause for it. O ften the researcher will use other disciplines, such as pathology to aid in the process. The goal is to find what factors contribute to the presence or absence of pathology, and what these factors are in the context of the environmental and genetic make-up of the host.As one may imagine, this can be difficult to do in the case of humans, since the host is a living entity. In cases of small animals or insects, there is no need to study their biology to determine what they are suffering from. To put it another way, it would be impossible to learn about the organism without having a biopsy performed on it, so histopathology is not really useful in this case. However, in the case of people, many questions are raised by an examination of the human body itself, which makes it a useful tool in learning about the disease.Histopathology can be broken down into two main areas: hematopathology and cytotoxicology. These terms are generally used interchangeably, but they are actually different b ranches of the same discipline. Hematopathology studies the presence of hematopoietic cells, which are blood cells. This includes both lymphocytes and white blood cells, and their functions are not clearly understood.Cytotoxicology studies the ability of cells to kill or damage DNA. In its most common form, cytotoxicology is used to study the mechanisms by which cells cause disease. For example, in cancer research it is used to examine whether the malignant cells are capable of killing healthy cells in the body. While it can be used to determine the viability of a cell, it can also be used to answer other questions, such as if the malignant cells are more likely to become malignant in a culture medium that has a much higher malignant potential than it does in the human body.As can be expected, cytotoxicology is also useful in clinical research. To date, there is still no known cure for cancer, so cytotoxicology is crucial in determining the mechanism of action. There are many experi ments that can be conducted on cells, but it is important to use cells from the appropriate species, so that the ability of the cells to cause disease in humans is taken into account. The selection of the species is often based on the importance of the study, such as if a drug is going to be developed against cancer that is especially dangerous in people who have certain genetic traits.When it comes to designing your own research paper topics in histopathology, the general approach is the same regardless of the type of research that you are doing. However, the information available to you is very different between human and animal research. These differences will help you create the best papers possible.

Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About Short Essay Topics for College Is Wrong and What You Should Know

Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Short Essay Topics for College Is Wrong and What You Should Know New Ideas Into Short Essay Topics for College Never Before Revealed When you are finished with your essay, you must not just check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies. Your readers will need to see the entire picture, and that's what you should concentrate on. If when you are preparing a report you merely analyze specific literature, the essay demands an excellent penetration into the issue. In situations when you get to select the topic for an argumentative essay, you need to be wise and locate a title that will intrigue a reader. New Questions About Short Essay Topics for College It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you may counter to your own points. There are many steps that you should take as a way to write an exemplary essay. 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When students are writing their argumentative essays that must find, read and analyze a lot of material to do good. Short Essay Topics for College at a Glance School should happen in the evenings. Year round school isn't a good idea. College is for a high amount of study. Colleges are more inclined to admit students who can articulate certain explanations for why the school is a superb fit about them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. If you would rather make an outline, write your topic at the peak of the webpage. The list is really endless. You're able to pick topics from several lists of ready themes. Ensure you give clear explanations of the things on your list also. Life After Short Essay Topics for College Remember that you could make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. One of the greatest strategies to change anybody's mind is with an emotional investment. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. It isn't possible to generate a true friend online. Details of Short Essay Topics for College When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the main point to do is to select a topic and an argument that you could really get behind. Write about a problem which you have or would like to fix. Don't neglect to explain why the dilemma is valuable to you! It is that everyone's interpretation of what makes a good society is different. You should think of a notion and offer some evidence. Even when you're stating your perspective, make sure you do not come off as biased. A great topic will ensure it is simpler to pursue the purpose of an argumentative essay, which is, evidently, the whole investigation of the problem you speak about. 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Besides general knowledge you have regarding this issue, you won't mind dedicating some opportunity to research, writing procedure, and other facets essential for the high-quality essay. 1 important and appropriate subject is technology.

Sample Essay: The Essay That Can Make You an Expert

Sample Essay: The Essay That Can Make You an ExpertSample essays, essays for the SAT or ACT, make your job as a high school teacher, student and parent much easier. That is, if you have a high quality assignment to send out, you will know the right time to send out the letter to your teachers that you can send the paper out in two or three weeks, instead of having to wait until the paper comes back from your school library.That being said, there are also other ways to utilize your time, like writing a short essay for your college application, or something that is related to your interest in the field of your choice, be it law, business, music, journalism, nursing, physical education, etc. Or you may simply want to know more about what's going on in the world, and express yourself through a short paper that gives some background information about that topic.A sample essay is the perfect example. There are some basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure that you should follow while writing, and many ways in which you can alter and improvise in the style of your sample essay to make it more interesting to read and look at, more insightful and powerful.Your sample essay can also serve as a kind of guide on how to write the actual essay. In order to take the information and details contained in your sample and revise it to make it more powerful and interesting, you would want to consult someone who has done research on the topic. If you have an idea of what you want to say in your sample and have looked at samples or essays that have already been written before, this is an easy task.In addition, you should use the sample essay to improve your own writing skills, particularly in the way that you use the language that you use in your sample. In other words, if you have a very basic idea in mind, make sure you use the correct way of expressing it, or else it will not be a simple task. article writing When it comes to article writing, for example, it is very important to make sure that the information that you provide to your readers is well-constructed, so that your reader does not get bored. A sample essay can help you write an interesting, informative, and also stimulating essay.When you think of how to make the most of your time, you can write a great essay, and the best part is that you can turn your essay into a more effective piece of writing when you make use of a sample. That is why, when you are trying to formulate your own ideas or concepts, it is wise to start with a sample essay, because this is a powerful technique that can make you an expert in your field in no time.