Unit 2 Individual Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 2 Individual Project - Coursework Example My first short term goal involves offsetting the initial cost of the gift baskets. Secondly, I intend to obtain a clientele which is part of a niche market. Thirdly, I intend to be strategically located in midst of the hum of the community. Three intermediate goals include maintaining the competitive edge in the niche market; having enough cash/profit on hand to begin to repay my relatives and other financers and thirdly, employing more personnel because of the expansion of the business. My long term goals invovle: continuation of the advertising campaign, expanding the business to two other locations, online marketing is one such location and finally, developing products to the specific needs of client. The market opportunity for selling this product in my area is fantastic in that there are many individuals between the ages of 16 to 55 On analysis of the market I have discovered that there is a market niche in this age group because of the survey I conducted by randomly choosing every 10th individual on different days of the week. In addition, an online survey was conducted and the results indicate that there is indeed a need for this type of store in my area. For the customers targeted the store would be located within easy access to their daily errands of the grocery store and the train station. These individuals are so busy that they prefer to utilize a gift bag rather than the traditional wrapping of gifts. My strategy is to embark upon aggressive marketing strategies in the first year to allow these young people to know of my product and my location. I expect to gain at least a 10 percent profit in the first year of operation. The personnel employed would be young, attractive individuals who would persuade with their looks and their marketing skills which would be provided by me initially and later a marketing expert. My suppliers have already been contacted. They are willing to offer me a large discount on the initial

Discuss the influence of variables such as culture and gender on the Essay

Discuss the influence of variables such as culture and gender on the measurement of attachment - Essay Example It should be noted that attachment does not involve exclusively in the childhood; rather, it can be continued in adulthood - a view supported by Ainsworth (1991, in Schneider 1993, p.42). However, the form and the quality of attachment in adulthood is likely to be influenced from the quality of attachment that a person has experienced in his/ her childhood (Ainsworth, 1991, in Schneider, 1993, p.42). In fact, in the context of the ‘Strange Situation’ experimental process (Ainsworth et al. 1978) it has been proved that attachment is likely to be developed in the early years of human life. Through the above experiment, where the attachment of infants to their mother (or caregiver) is measured, it has been proved that attachment in this period of life can appear in 4 different forms: ‘insecure-avoidant, secure, insecure-resistant and insecure disorganised’ (Ainsworth et al. 1978). In any case, attachment can have many different aspects being influenced by gende r and culture, as explained below. McKinsey & Claussen (2003) tried to identify the influence of culture on attachment; in their study, the quality and the aspects of attachment developed between the Egyptian children and their mothers were examined through appropriately customized interviews – visits in the houses of 30 families in Egypt. ... As a result, in Egypt, culture along with gender can be considered as being variables influencing the form and the development of attachment as a key element of social life. On the other hand, Mercer (2006) has opposed the influence of culture on attachment; his study is based on the findings of the research of Mary Ainsworth in Uganda (in 1950s); in the context of the above research it was proved that no relationship exists between attachment and culture. In fact, after visiting ’26 families with babies’ (Mercer 2006, p.41), Ainsworth came to the assumption that the level and the quality of attachment of infants in Uganda are similar to that of infants in Britain (Mercer 2006). The influence of culture on attachment is made clear in the study of Kalat (2010); in the above study it is explained that the patterns of attachment in different cultural frameworks are similar (Kalat 2010, p.175); however differences exist in regard to the measurement of attachment in differen t cultures (Kalat 2010, p.175). As an example, Kalat (2010) refers to the ‘low consistency’ (Kalat 2010, p.175) that characterizes the findings of the measurement of attachment of children in South Africa. In the relevant research, different findings were retrieved when a different research approach was used, a fact which, in accordance with Kalat (2010) indicates the influence of culture on the measurement of attachment. In any case, when the attachment needs to be measured it would be necessary to use an appropriate approach aiming to control inconsistencies; for example, the cultural adaptationism (an approach suggested by Gumperz & Humes, 1986, in Harwood, Miller & Irizarry, 1997,

Waste minimising and recycle in construction

Waste minimising and recycle in construction INTRODUCTION: The construction industry has a major impact on the environment, both in terms of the resources it consumes and the waste it produces. The construction industry is responsible for producing a whole variety of different wastes, the amount and type of which depends on factors such as the stage of construction, type of construction work and practices on site. The construction industry generates a large amount of waste every year. As construction professionals we should follow a hierarchical approach to waste management by aiming primarily to reduce the amount of waste produced then aim to reuse and recycle any waste that is produced. Whilst the trend is to reject the traditional methods of waste disposal in favour of sustainable waste strategies, the majority of the construction industry has placed waste reduction at the bottom of research agendas because of complexities over reuse and recycling. Construction waste has a significant impact on the environment and more emphasis must be put on reducing waste production and increasing recycling and reuse. WASTE Sustainable waste management means using material resources efficiently; to cut down on the amount of waste we produce, and where waste is produced, dealing with it in a way that actively contributes to the economic, social and environmental goals of sustainable development.[1] SOURCES OF WASTE CLIENT ROLE: The client plays an important role in the reduction of waste. This is for a reason that when the client changes his requirements at a stage when construction has already began, the materials which are already being used would be wasted as they no longer will be used in the new design. IMPORTANCE OF SKILLED LABOUR: The use of skilled labours means that good techniques will be used and hopefully fewer mistakes will occur during the construction phase. A mistake could lead to the need for replacement of materials. Thereby increasing the amount of waste generated. LOGISTICS OF MATERIALS: The logistics of materials to the site can also play a part in reducing the waste; this is for a number of reasons. Packaging of material will create waste. Therefore, if a method is generated to reduce the amount of packaging then the waste will be reduced. AFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS: Waste will also be generated due to the transportation of the product. While transporting, goods can be damaged due to the vehicular movements if proper care is not taken and hence get wasted. Delivering goods in large quantities could generate problems at the site as more storage may be required which may need temporary structures or heating to keep the products in the right conditions, this adding to the amount of waste generated. MANUFACTURING DEFECTS: During manufacturing, the manufacturer produces only a specific size, but the client may require a slightly different size, therefore the material is trimmed down on site. This creates a large amount of wastage. Also a poor manufacturer may produce a number of low quality products that cant be used. SITE MANAGEMENT: Site management could also be a factor that courses waste. Time management and storage of material on site could course waste if the site management is not as good as it should be. If materials are not used within a limited time period or if when they are not stored properly, its properties might change and therefore may not be suitable for the project. An example of this is if concrete arrives on site and is forced to wait for the site to be ready, then the concrete might start to set and therefore cant be used. TYPES OF WASTE There are two main types of waste in the construction industry, this include solid waste (which may be recycled or taken to landfill) or gasses waste which may be a pollutant. Gaseous waste will be generated from a number of different sources. In the construction process a large amount of plant and heavy machinery will be used. Most of this machinery will be driven by diesel engines which will generate exhaust gases, these gases will be a waste product generated in the contraction process. Waste gasses can also indirectly be generated due to the construction industry, gasses may be produced in the fabrication and manufacturing of different products that are used. Solid waste can also be split into sections, waste that can be recycled or re-used and waste which will be put into landfill. There are a large number of different waste products that could be generated from the construction industries such as, timber, metals, concrete and more serious waste, which may be harder to recycle and reuse. These wastes include plastics, plaster boards and asbestos. How much Waste does the Construction Industry Produce? Construction and demolition (CD) waste includes brick, concrete, hardcore, subsoil and topsoil, but it can also contain quantities of timber, metal, plastics and occasionally special (hazardous) waste materials. Wastes occur from the construction, repair, maintenance and demolition of buildings and structures. The Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) have reported that an estimated 72.5 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste are produced annually. This is around 17.5 % of the total waste produced in the U.K. Furthermore, 13 million tonnes of construction materials are delivered to sites in the U.K. and thrown away unused every year. This is not sustainable.[3] EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE ON THE ENVIRONMENT The two main types of waste generated by the construction industry are solid wastes and gaseous wastes. Liquid wastes may also be generated during construction processes, such as cleaning, but the effect of such wastes is minimal and generally local to a particular site. Gaseous waste is a sub-product from the use of machinery in the construction process, transportation of materials and from the production of construction materials. This type of waste is emitted to the air and has inherent effects on air quality. Solid waste can be generated from demolition and excavation or may be unused material from the construction process. Some solid waste may be recycled or reused however the majority is put into landfill sites, because of this the overarching target of the UK governments strategy for sustainable construction is to reduce the amount of construction waste to landfill by 50% by 20121. Solid waste therefore adopts the associated effects on the environment that landfill has. Of the solid waste that is put into landfill the majority comes from the demolition of existing structures and the excavation of material to allow construction, however a relatively small proportion consists of unused materials generated from amongst others, design change, lack of skilled workforce, site untidiness, poor quality materials and manufacture and lack of product information and knowledge. Unused materials will not only contribute to the environmental effects of landfill but will have indirect environmental effects due to transportation, production and packaging. The main environmental effects of waste due to demolition and excavation are emissions from transportation and primarily issues with landfill. Landfills are widely considered to have adverse effects on the surrounding environment and public health. The main types of environmental impacts caused by landfill sites are alteration to surrounding landscape, visual intrusion, degradation of air quality, pollution of ground water and degradation of soil quality. The construction industry makes a considerable contribution as it makes up a large proportion of the total waste assigned to landfill in the UK. Landfill sites generally occupy a large area required for waste disposal itself as well as associated facilities and enough area to minimise the effects on surrounding groundwater and soil quality. Additionally in some cases excavation and movement of material is required to create an area which is suitable for the disposal of waste. Thus, the surrounding landscape is adversely affected. The location of a landfill site is often sensibly chosen so to minimise the effects it has on the surrounding environment, however it may be impossible to locate it so that it is entirely invisible to the public and the negative visual impact a landfill site will have on a community cannot be avoided. Gaseous emissions from a landfill site come from the transportation of waste, use of machinery and more importantly the anaerobic digestion of organic matter producing methane. Generation of gas in a landfill site is one of the largest sources of methane emissions to the atmosphere; methane having a muc h greater global warming effect than carbon dioxide as well as being harmful to humans. Landfill sites therefore have a negative effect on air quality and public health. The precipitation that falls on a landfill coupled with the disposal of liquid wastes results in the extraction of water soluble compounds and particulate material, such as cement, dust and asbestos. Although nowadays measures are generally taken to water-proof a landfill site resulting solutions and mixtures will almost certainly end up in surrounding groundwater and soil. Thus, a degradation of groundwater and soil quality occurs. Gaseous wastes are a by-product of any development but have increased severity in large scale developments which require a large amount of material and associated transportation, use of a greater amount and varying machinery and occur over a longer timescale. Transportation of materials will usually be by road, rail or occasionally by sea. In any case the method of transportation will produce gaseous emissions that will have an overall global warming effect and reduce the air quality locally and regionally. An increased local reduction in air quality occurs in areas around large developments with longer construction times due to the prolonged constant use of machinery in the same area. The production of construction materials also has a significant effect on air quality due to emissions of particularly damaging waste products from industrial plants. WASTE MINIMISATION: Definition of waste minimisation: The reduction of waste at source, by understanding and changing processes to reduce and prevent waste. This is also known as process or resource efficiency. Waste minimisation includes the substitution of less environmentally harmful materials in the production process.[4] Designing out waste at the initial stages of the construction process provides the greatest opportunities for waste minimisation. The best way to manage waste, particularly hazardous waste, is to manage the process so that there is no waste to manage. This is definitely not easy, but the whole aim is that when a similar thought occurs, waste can be minimised if not eliminated. Benefits of Waste Minimisation: * Increase resource efficiency * Reduce costs * Improve environmental performance * Demonstrate best practice * Ensure compliance with legal obligations * Reduce disposal to landfill * economic incentives * social advantages * internal business benefits * external business benefits Waste minimisation contributes to the increase efficiency in the utilisation of resources. It also helps in reduction of cost of overall project, when the expenditure over the waste is reduced; thereby the cost of project also reduces. Waste Minimisation understandsenvironmental improvementssuch as ameliorated pollution control, development of environmentally friendly products Waste Minimisation ensureslegal compliancewith European Directives, UK Legislation and Regulations. Waste minimisation will considerably reduce the disposal to landfill, thereby reducing the landfill tax. Waste Minimisation haseconomic incentivessuch as diluted trade waste costs and better efficiency. It is important that any industry regards in implementing the waste minimisation initiatives because the introduction of the landfill tax means that waste disposal costs are set to increase in the future. Waste Minimisation hassocial benefitsas the recycling and reuse methods allow employment and economic opportunities for local charities, voluntary groups, the community sector and businesses that can reuse or recycle materials. Waste Minimisation hasinternal business benefitsby promoting a cultural change within any industry by nurturing environmental awareness. It also provides an opportunity for staff training and qualifications as well as improved employee motivation. Waste Minimisation hasexternal business benefitsby managing a variety of your businesses stakeholder relationships. Industrys investors, customers, the general public, the regulator, companies within your supply chain and contractors may require evidence of good environmental performance or look for a green image. [5] How to achieve the benefits: Waste minimisation demands action on three fronts: 1. People: Many reductions in waste can be accomplished through improved housekeeping. It is crucial that employees are aware of the issues related to waste and are motivated and trained to prevent it. 2. Methodology: A systematic approach to measurement and control foregrounds deficiencies and problems, alters targets to be set and maintains levels of efficiency. 3. Technology: Capital investment in new technology can enhance productivity and decrease waste generation, giving very short paybacks. METHODS OF WASTE MINIMISATION The process of waste minimisation through Designing out Waste is still at the early stage of development. Many barriers and opportunities exist in developing waste minimisation strategies in design. If this process is considered in the early stages of construction activities, there are opportunities for it to exist. The waste hierarchy (see figure 1) establishes waste reduction as one of the highest priorities for addressing the increasing volumes of waste. The target for any waste reduction strategy must be to focus on opportunities from the outset, at the earliest stages of design. Many barriers and opportunities exist in developing a strategy of waste reduction in design. Opportunities for waste minimisation exist in four construction areas: 1. Project Planning 2. Pre-Construction 3. Off-Site Activities 4. On-Site Activities PROJECT PLANNING: During project planning phase, it is essential that waste management strategy is made for better profit margins. Focus on elimination of waste is the prime factor. Communicating strategies with client, developer, designer, builder, project manager, contractors and suppliers is very important. Analysis on waste reduction plan should be done. PRE CONSTRUCTION: This stage involves three areas where waste reduction is possible. * Designing: proper and accurate dimensions, proposing standard material sizes, building for deconstruction (can be easily reused if future modifications occur with ease and minimum wastage) and operational waste reduction. * Estimating: over estimation of required materials leads to wastage. * Purchasing: Buying environmental friendly items, using procurement policy as specifying manufacturers and suppliers your exact requirements reduces the amount of waste. OFF-SITE ACTIVITIES:  · Prefabrication: By prefabricating frames and trusses, timber waste can be decreased to an extent. ON-SITE ACTIVITIES: * Delivery and storage of materials. * Packaging * Separation of materials. * Safe disposal of unavoidable waste. WASTE MINIMISATION STRATEGIES Managing and monitoring the different waste streams on a construction site requires a detailed waste minimisation strategy. This needs careful planning throughout the design, build and occupancy phases, to ensure its success, effectiveness and compliance with building regulations. There are three basic strategies for dealing with waste: reduce, reuse and recycle. Waste prevention is the ideal, and this can be addressed first by identifying possible waste streams early on in the build process, and then designing for their minimisation. Using standard sizes for building components (windows, doors etc.) can prevent future waste, as can design for deconstruction, using recyclable components. It has been estimated that over ordering accounts for 13 million tonnes of new building materials being thrown out every year. Better communication between building professionals to ensure exact calculations of required materials are made can mean that this waste is prevented. Just-in-time delivery strategies can further reduce waste created by improper storage and weather damage. Once waste has been produced, the best method of managing it is through reuse either on the existing site, or a nearby site. Many materials can be usefully reclaimed, and even sold to offset the costs of a building project. Recycling materials is the final option for managing waste. Materials that can be reused or recycled need to be identified early on the build process, and segregated for easy storage, collection and transfer. For the strategy to be effective, links also need to be established with local recycling and reuse facilities and contractors. [6] OCCUPANCY WASTE Sustainable building practice goes one step further than conventional practice, by designing for waste minimisation in the operation of the building, through grey water recycling, composting toilets, on site food composting and off-site recycling facilities, thus helping to reduce residential waste. [7] LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT: LANDFILL TAX The landfill tax aims to encourage waste producers to produce less waste, recover more value from waste, through recycling or composting, and to use more environmentally friendly methods of waste disposal. The tax applies to active and inert waste, disposed of at a licensed landfill site. The aims of the landfill tax are: * To promote the polluter pays principle, by increasing the price of landfill to better reflect its environmental costs; * To promote a more sustainable approach to waste management in which less waste is produced and more is recovered or recycled. There are two rates of tax. Inactive waste is subject to the lower rate at  £2 per tonne. Active waste is subject to  £15 per tonne, rising at  £3 per tonne per year from 2005/06 towards a long-term rate of  £35 per tonne. Her Majestys Customs and Excise has updated its General Note on the Landfill Tax. The guidance replaces the previous version (February 2000) to include the changes to the tax liability of materials re-used on landfill sites; permits issued under regulations under section 2 of the Pollution Prevention and Control Act (1999) that authorise deposits or disposals in, or on the land; the changes to the liability to pay landfill tax and changes to the Landfill Tax Credit Scheme. The Landfill Tax Regulations have been clarified following a legal challenge brought by a waste management company last year. [8] SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS (SWMPS) Site Waste Management Plans (SWMPs) are an important tool for construction companies and their clients, of all sizes, to improve their environmental performance, meet regulatory controls and reduce rising costs of disposing of waste. This document sets out the basic structure of SWMPs and how companies can best use them to improve and manage their operations at all stages of site activity. It includes useful checklists and other guidance to help ensure the Plan is a practical tool. Note that it is not essential for there to be a separate SWMP document for your site the guidance given here can equally well be included in a Waste Management Section of an overall Site Environmental Management Plan.[9] THE PURPOSE OF SWMPS: SWMPs aim to address two key issues: 1. Improving materials resource efficiency, by promoting the economic use of construction materials and methods so that waste is minimised and any waste that is produced can be re-used, recycled or recovered in other ways before disposal options are explored; and 2. Reducing fly-tipping, by restricting the opportunities available for the illegal disposal of waste by ensuring compliance with existing legal controls and providing a full audit trail of any waste that is removed from the construction site. Although it is a legal requirement to write and implement a SWMP, the greatest cost savings are likely to be achieved as a result of the consideration of materials resource efficiency which will be a necessary part of the preparation, before the SWMP is drafted. [10] WASTE AS A VALUABLE RESOURCE Effective waste management can reduce building and operating costs, enhance the reputation of the building industry, and also generate new revenue streams through developing recycling and reclaiming markets. Reducing construction waste also saves landfill space, conserves valuable natural resources, saves energy and creates less pollution by reducing transportation and manufacturing processes, with a mitigating effect on climate change. CONCLUSION: According to the ODPM waste survey (2001), the CD industry in Wales produces around 5.02 million tonnes of waste per year; this is around 30% of all controlled waste arising in Wales. Given the scale of the construction industry in Wales and the quantity of waste produced, it has great potential to lead the way in waste minimisation, re-use and recycling.[11] Waste minimisation is now an instituted business practice for many organisations and a number of industries have enforced waste reduction programmes. Reducing waste is a key to a cleaner world and more competitive industry. It would not be fair to conclude that building services should undergo revolutionary redesign or standardisation just to reduce wastes in construction. However, the reduction of waste, in terms of materials or time is beneficial to all because a reduction in cost will result in better systems within the same budget. [1] CIOB. ().Sustainability and Construction.Available: www.ciob.org.uk/filegrab/sustainability.pdf?ref=74. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [2] CIBSE. ().DESIGNING TO ENCOURAGE WASTE MINIMISATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.Available: http://www.cibse.org/pdfs/Construction%20waste%20minim.pdf. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [3] CIOB. ().Sustainability and Construction.Available: www.ciob.org.uk/filegrab/sustainability.pdf?ref=74. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [4] Welsh Assembly Government. ().Waste prevention and minimisation.Available: http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/epq/waste_recycling/Waste_prevention_minimisation?lang=en. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [5] Perth Kinross Council . (2008).Benefits of waste minimisation.Available: http://www.pkc.gov.uk/Planning+and+the+environment/Waste+and+recycling/Commercial+waste/Waste+minimisation+for+business/Benefits+of+waste+minimisation.htm. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [6] Sustainable Build. ().Reducing and Managing Waste.Available: http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ReducingManagingWaste.html. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [7] Sustainable Build. ().Reducing and Managing Waste.Available: http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ReducingManagingWaste.html. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [8] Welsh Assembly Government. ().Landfill tax.Available: http://wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/epq/waste_recycling/landfilltax/?lang=en. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [9] dti. (2004).SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS.Available: http://www.wrap.org.uk/downloads/site_waste_management_plan.b230bcd7.2323.pdf. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [10] defra. (2008).Non-statutory guidance for site waste management plans.Available: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/construction/pdf/swmp-guidance.pdf. Last accessed 6 December 2009. [11] Welsh Assembly Government. ().Construction and Demolition.Available: http://wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/epq/waste_recycling/construction_demolition/?lang=en. Last accessed 6 December 2009.

Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis

Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson In an attempt to consider the duality tale, one narrative inevitably finds its way to the top of the heap as the supreme archetype: Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Immense disagreement permeates the pages of literary criticism relevant to the meaning of the story. Yet, for all of the wrangling focused on the psychology, morality, spirituality, and sociality of the story, it has remained, since 1886, a novella that according to the Reverend W. J. Dawson, gives Stevenson â€Å"a place apart, and high above all contemporaries, as an interpreter of the deepest things of the soul† (qtd. in Abbey 318). Not content to merely comment on the age of Victoria—i.e., the world about him—Stevenson has used the vehicle of Jekyll and Hyde to comment on the world within him, and within each of us, depicting the efforts of a scientist who separates the natures of good and evil, seen as â€Å"polar twins †¦ continuously struggling† (Jekyll and Hyde 78) within the psyche of each of us for supremacy. The author did so, perhaps, as a response to the physical conditions that had plagued him for the majority of his life, and with the concept of the world’s view of his state in mind. Stevenson lived his life contending with the limitations of his physical frame, living his adolescent days as a â€Å"rather sickly child† (Edens121) and in his adult years persistently confronted by the symptoms of tuberculosis, including â€Å"hemorrhages from the lungs† (Nabakov 179). Stevenson’s birthplace is Edinburgh, Scotland. He was the child of Margaret Balfour and Thomas Stevenson. Born on November 13, 1850, this product of a minister’s daughter and a c... ...r this submission to the Times of London to actually be the work of Robert Louis Stevenson. This would be along the lines of the intellectual dishonesty perpetrated by the senator from Delaware, Joseph Biden, who, about a decade ago, was found out to be a plagiarist. Evidence pointing to a deception on the part of Stevenson is not known, but the thought of such a thing occurring is intriguing, because, were this to be the case, the author would be shown to have behaved in a Hydian manner, disguising his identity for the sake of profit. [3] The popular notion of linking schizophrenia and a split personality is in error. The schizophrenic is an agoraphobic who takes his/her neurosis to an extreme and develops modes of behavior that serve as coping mechanisms. These behaviors are often erroneously grouped, by those observing them, to form separate personalities.

Why We Form Relationships

Why We Form Relationships Corbin Smith Estrella Mountain Community College There are many reasons as to why we form relationships with a person. Appearance is one of those reasons. Most people claim that a person’s personality is the main reason why we get into a relationship with them and not by the way they look which is really not true. There has to be some type of attraction towards their appearance because the way they look is extremely important in the early stages of a relationship.Even if your appearance isn’t considered beautiful by societal standards, people will find you attractive if you’re just ordinary-looking with an amazing personality that fits the other persons needs. Attractive beauty may open doors to a relationship but it takes way more than just being attractive to keep a relationship going. Forming relationships is the ultimate way to gaining attraction and love towards a certain person that you might want to be with for the rest of your li fe. Forming relationships is a skill that not many people consider to be important but it’s a skill that most people want so they can find their lifelong partner.My understanding of this skill is that we all have used it at some point in our lives to form relationship, whether if it’s just a friendship or more than that. Like I said before, appearance is one of the main things that jumpstart a relationship but it won’t be the only trait that’ll keep a bond going. Similarity, complementary, competence, disclosure, proximity, and rewards are all factors in how relationship is formed. I’ve used this skill plenty of times because I’m a person who loves to make new friends and meet new people every single day.Whenever I get the chance to meet someone new, whether if I’m attracted to them or not, I try not to miss the opportunity. I met a girl in the beginning of this semester who is just the most gorgeous girl I’ve seen at this scho ol so far. I had to take an opportunity to get to know this girl and fortunately, she gave me the light of day and now we both are really good friends. Not only does she look beautiful, we both have many of the same similarities such as music taste, fashion sense, and other amazing things. When I met her, I used her appearance to draw me to her and from then on, it was the similarities and complementarities.By me using this skill, there have also been several consequences. I’ve been shot down by many girls many times because of me being too confident and by trying to get to know them way too fast. Unfortunately this skill doesn’t always work to our advantage but it doesn’t hurt to try it. Like the old saying goes, â€Å"You’ll never know for yourself until you try. † I live by that saying because you can’t live your life in fear of getting rejected by people you’re attracted to. Just take the chance and run with it. The reason why thi s skill doesn’t work all the time is because of the mindset of the person that you’re attracted to.Is that person already in a relationship? Is that person not looking for a relationship even though they are single? Is the person you’re attracted to not attracted to you back? There are many reasons as to why the negative effects might take place. Overall, never skip out on an opportunity to possibly engage in a lifelong friendship or relationship. You’ll never know the outcome until you try. â€Å"For communication to have meaning it must have a life. It must transcend ‘you’ and ‘me’ and become ‘us. ’ In a small way we then grow out of our old selves and become something new. † – Hugh Prather

Student Involvement

Alyssa Moody Tonyia Benton Intermediate English 17 August 2012 Student Involvement The quality assurance of higher education has become recognized, as both necessary and desirable. Academically students can achieve more by having involvement in other activities. Other ways of being involved as a student is becoming a part of the community or playing sports. Although taking part of extra involvement in school activities may be stressful and time consuming it can also give motivation and reasons to strive to do better. Students have increasingly become involved in the improvement and enhancement of their own learning experiences.In today’s society it is now a necessity and desired to have a higher education. The quality assurance of a higher education can not only secure the work force, but stability for yourself and family. Students can better themselves, but can also be a positive role model for others in the community as well. Having student involvement can make a student str ive for a higher education. The academic involvement of students is one of today’s greatest accomplishments. Students strive for higher grades and maintaining a higher GPA.Scholarships and other funding for students are greatly increased with academic excellence. Today's generations are making higher goals for themselves to have perfect attendance and a higher academic education. Academically students are achieving more to the importance of a higher education. The involvement of students also include becoming a part of the community and sports within the school. The student can become a part of the community by simply giving back. A student can be involved in sports within the school and be required to maintain a higher academic grade and a greater attendance.With students giving back to the community and being involved in school sports it can make students work harder academically. In conclusion, although students can take involvement in a higher education, they must also st rive for academic excellence. Students take role in the community and sports, but also have to maintain a certain grade. By participation in extra activities within the school students strive to achieve more and more. Students have increasingly become involved in the improvement and enhancement of their own learning experiences.

101 Fall 19 Syllabus Professor Ramos Blog

101 Fall 19 Syllabus Unit 1 – Narrative

Free Essays on The Resurgence Of Mid-Latitude Attitudes

â€Å"The Resurgence of Mid-Latitude Attitudes† A Critical Look at Neo-Liberalism and The Opposition to Contemporary Colonialism in Latin America Executive Summary: During the colonial period of Latin America there was a reliance on the economic prosperity of the settlements in the Caribbean and South America by countries of Europe. These areas relied upon exportation of the vast resources found and cultivated. Prior to the 17th century, each country had its own colonies and benefited from its holdings. An economist named Adam Smith argued for the idea of liberalism. This ideology would break down trade barriers between the countries and allow free trade among the colonies. Periods of economic prosperity would follow for the European nations until independence swept through Latin America leaving poor exploited third world countries. Exportation of the valuable resources found there would continue, maintaining dependency on the global market. Since then there have been many improvements in economic diversification and industrialization. Brazil and Mexico have nearly broken away from their dependency on export wealth, but the majority of the cou ntries are still vastly dependent on primary product export income. These countries are very susceptible to global economic externalities, thus leaving them limited power in the control of export technicalities. Additionally, primary focus on exports leaves local ecosystems and environments without sustainability. These problems are the result of the capitalistic interim logic of relative benefit. A new proposal of integrating the Latin American countries into the â€Å"global village† has been at the forefront of Latin American Development. This has been defined as neo-liberalism. This type of ideology is the opponent of sustainable development. The negative environmental impacts are not being intervened because of wealth interests. Also, global economy impedes state governments fro... Free Essays on The Resurgence Of Mid-Latitude Attitudes Free Essays on The Resurgence Of Mid-Latitude Attitudes â€Å"The Resurgence of Mid-Latitude Attitudes† A Critical Look at Neo-Liberalism and The Opposition to Contemporary Colonialism in Latin America Executive Summary: During the colonial period of Latin America there was a reliance on the economic prosperity of the settlements in the Caribbean and South America by countries of Europe. These areas relied upon exportation of the vast resources found and cultivated. Prior to the 17th century, each country had its own colonies and benefited from its holdings. An economist named Adam Smith argued for the idea of liberalism. This ideology would break down trade barriers between the countries and allow free trade among the colonies. Periods of economic prosperity would follow for the European nations until independence swept through Latin America leaving poor exploited third world countries. Exportation of the valuable resources found there would continue, maintaining dependency on the global market. Since then there have been many improvements in economic diversification and industrialization. Brazil and Mexico have nearly broken away from their dependency on export wealth, but the majority of the cou ntries are still vastly dependent on primary product export income. These countries are very susceptible to global economic externalities, thus leaving them limited power in the control of export technicalities. Additionally, primary focus on exports leaves local ecosystems and environments without sustainability. These problems are the result of the capitalistic interim logic of relative benefit. A new proposal of integrating the Latin American countries into the â€Å"global village† has been at the forefront of Latin American Development. This has been defined as neo-liberalism. This type of ideology is the opponent of sustainable development. The negative environmental impacts are not being intervened because of wealth interests. Also, global economy impedes state governments fro...

Actief Leren, een definitie

Actief Leren, een definitie Inleiding? In dit document staat het actief leren in het reguliere onderwijs centraal. In hoofdstuk 1 wordt het begrip actief leren van Silberman (1996) gedefinieerd. In hoofdstuk 2 worden drie verschillende vormen en benaderingen van actief leren beschreven; het studiehuis, het nieuwe leren en ontwikkelingsgericht onderwijs. Daarnaast wordt de uitvoering in de praktijk kort geschets. In hoofdstuk 3 worden deze drie benaderingen met elkaar vergeleken, getoetst aan de definitie van actief leren van Sibberman (1996) en wordt een beeld geschetst hoe deze drie vormen worden toegepast in de praktijk. In hoofdstuk 4 vind u de conclusie. Wat is actief leren Silberman (1996) geeft een definitie van † actief leren†. Hij omschrijft dit begrip als volgt: Als er actief wordt geleerd doen leerlingen het werk, gebruiken ze hun hersens, lossen ze problemen op en passen ze toe wat ze leren. Daarnaast is actief leren ‘leuk’, ‘stimulerend’ en is de actieve leerli ng persoonlijk betrokken. Silberman hecht veel waarde aan ‘leren door doen’; studenten moeten zelf dingen ontdekken, voorbeelden bedenken, vragen stellen, discussià «ren, dingen proberen en hun leerresultaten in de gaten houden. Hoofdstuk 2. Drie vormen en benaderingen van actief leren Het studiehuis In het studiehuis gaat het om een nieuwe pedagogisch-didactische aanpak en een andere organisatie van het leerproces. Het gaat dan volgens het ministerie van Onderwijs om de volgende didactische kenmerken en kenmerken van het leerproces (Stuurgroep profiel tweede fase, 1994): De leerling in het studiehuis is een zelfstandige leerling. Zo’n leerling kan zelfstandig zijn leeractiviteiten uitvoeren, nieuwe informatie verbinden met bestaande kennis, zichzelf motiveren, kijken naar het leerresultaat en zijn eigen kennis evalueren. Het ‘leren door doen’ krijgt een centrale plaats in het studiehuis. Ook dat vraagt om een actieve leerling. Verder wordt ver wacht dat de leerling zijn leerproces in eigen hand neemt. De docent wordt meer een begeleider en regisseur van het leerproces en minder kennisoverbrenger. Belangrijk is dat hij bij de leerlingen zelfstandigheid stimuleert en hen motiveert. Ook moet de docent ervoor zorgen dat leerlingen vaardigheden aanleren. Daarnaast moet hij maatwerk leveren, door te varià «ren in werkvormen en opdrachten. Er wordt recht gedaan aan verschillen tussen leerlingen. Onder andere komt dat tot uiting in het beperken van het aantal klassieke lessen. Er zal minder sprake zijn van een groep leerlingen die op hetzelfde moment, op dezelfde manier, met dezelfde leerstof bezig is. Verder mag de leerling zijn eigen tempo bepalen en zelf zijn weg naar het eindtraject uitzetten. Het contact tussen docent en leerling wordt intensiever, zal zich meer op ‘ooghoogte’ afspelen en ook plezierig worden. Het klassieke onderwijssysteem wordt losgelaten. Er wordt nog wel kennis overgedragen, maar a ndere vaardigheden krijgen een belangrijke plaats. Het gaat dan om zaken als leren leren, leren communiceren en leren reflecteren. Variatie speelt een belangrijke rol in het studiehuis. Minder frontale lessen en meer werkvormen als samenwerkend leren, discussie, onderzoeken en zelfstudie. Ook kan er gevarieerd worden in groepsgrootte. Toetsing is onderdeel van het leerproces. Een toets dient niet alleen om een cijfer te bepalen, maar ook om vast te stellen waar de leerling in het leerproces zit, wat hij moet doen om het eindtraject te halen en welke begeleiding daarbij moet worden geboden. Nieuwe vormen van toetsen als praktische opdrachten, handelingsdelen en het profielwerkstuk worden ingevoerd. Deze toetsen zijn vooral bedoeld om vaardigheden te testen. Kennis- en inzichttoetsen blijven ook bestaan. In de praktijk

Shakespeares Sonnet 18 In Comparison With Robert Brownings His Last Essay

Shakespeares Sonnet 18 In Comparison With Robert Brownings His Last Duchess - Essay Example The work of Shakespeare viewed females as pleasantries of life but that of Robert identified them as a means of gathering sexual pleasure and contentment whereas, his work did not convey respectful image of a woman. The quality of life significantly determines level of one’s artistic characteristics. The great Shakespeare struggled notably in his life. But, at the end, he experienced fame and wealth. The old man died in peace and therefore, he started to view the world as a manmade heaven. The abovementioned legend grew up in a family with rigid ethical and civic rules. The dedication towards decency and civilized behavior is quite notable in his work. He never kneeled before so-called modern poetic rules that encouraged artists of the time to add sexism in their works so that they can get more attention. The Shakespearean way of poetry is preserved for the best minds of each era and therefore, when most of the population drives towards poetry in order to fulfill their filthy sexual agendas. The pure minds kept on find the true meanings of life in the evergreen works of the great legend. The featured Robert’s work is all about considering females as machines of attaining sexual pleasure (Browning 1842) while the symbolism used by Shakespeare helped the people in taking females as their companions. The works of the legendary artist indeed guided the society towards gender-based equality (Shakepeare 1609). The poem attempted to communicate that females are like summers as they come rarely in one’s life and therefore, they should be cared about. The Shakespearean philosophy is stemmed from the idea that the inter-gender relationships should have long-term nature and people should be trained to view their wives, mothers, sisters, and... The work of Shakespeare viewed females as pleasantries of life but that of Robert identified them as a means of gathering sexual pleasure and contentment whereas, his work did not convey a respectful image of a woman. The quality of life significantly determines the level of one’s artistic characteristics. The great Shakespeare struggled notably in his life. But, at the end, he experienced fame and wealth. The old man died in peace and therefore, he started to view the world as a manmade heaven. The above-mentioned legend grew up in a family with rigid ethical and civic rules. The dedication towards decency and civilized behavior is quite notable in his work. He never kneeled before so-called modern poetic rules that encouraged artists of the time to add sexism in their works so that they can get more attention. The Shakespearean way of poetry is preserved for the best minds of each era and therefore when most of the population drives towards poetry in order to fulfill their filthy sexual agendas. The pure minds kept on find the true meanings of life in the Evergreen works of the great legend. The featured Robert’s work is all about considering females as machines of attaining sexual pleasure while the symbolism used by Shakespeare helped the people in taking females as their companions. The Shakespearean philosophy is stemmed from the idea that the inter-gender relationships should have long-term nature and people should be trained to view their wives, mothers, sisters, and girlfriends as friends and companions.

Management Decision Making A System Approach Essay

Management Decision Making A System Approach - Essay Example Management decisions are gaining extraordinary and unprecedented importance in the present changed business situation. Governments and business houses have to think beyond the territories while making a decision. They can make an impact all over the world, and the prevailing world business trend could make immediate impact on them. Management theories have evolved and have been applied mainly to change management and control management1. System approach is another, perhaps highly effective way to apply on a company that is targeting a certain achievement2. 1. Alamarai is a flourishing company, but a system and every work in the company is done as clockwork, without any change at all in the daily routine. It has its hierarchies, branches, transport system, distribution system and works like a well-oiled machine, noiselessly. 2. It has its own performance criteria and system objectives. Its performance criteria is mainly running its huge farm, stocked with yielding cows, cooling and pasteurising this milk, make connected milk products and supply them to the decided outlets along with other food products. Alamarai had been one company who had been performing flawlessly, even though a cooling project in Saudi Arabia is not an easy matter. 3. Alamarai is ruled by its environments, political, social, cultural and religious. It is also ruled by the economic environment of the present day world. These signals, the company is unable to ignore any more. 4. It has its own humanistic and psychosocial subsystems, but till recently controlling the humanistic conditions as they are mainly from foreign countries and hence, were mainly biddable, it had found comfortable, compared to the present psychosocial subsystem, that had been brought into the company through Saudisation. 5. Alamarai's aim had been integrating these subsystems with the whole wider society. The psychosocial subsystems are not only originated from the prevailing society, but also have to be improved and bettered in the same society and Alamarai is trying to integrate them. It increases options, reduces errors during achievement and the achievement could be anything. It need not be only the highly market victory. It could be connected socially, politically and culturally to the company, for which company is either forced or willingly inspired to work for.4 System approach is one of the decision support systems, that had been in vogue for sometime and had been found unquestionably effective by many organisations and has amply proved its efficiency, mainly because it works along with its subsystems, and hence, more scope for checking, correcting, evolving and finalising5. a) Company overview: Almarai (Green Pastures), a very famous company of Saudi Arabia, a household name in diary products was established in 1976, under the direction of the Prince. It is based in Saudi capital Riyadh, with its operations spread not only in Saudi Arabia, but also through the Arabian Peninsula, covering almost all the Gulf countries. It is a pioneer in agricultural, diary processing and food distribution field. It is a well known entity with a

WHY STUDY THE ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WHY STUDY THE ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example The area of environmental learning comprises Environmental Science that gives importance to the natural sciences, in the background of an interdisciplinary approach. Various other areas of environmental learning’s give equal stress on natural and social sciences. Humans are essentially related with all living things on this planet earth. On the other hand, the current actions demonstrate that the day-today existence harshly impacts the biosphere, which contributes to the entire organisms. There are options the way every one live at present. Studies in an environmental related academic curriculum, one can study the reasons for transform, what needs to transform, and how one can transform in order that all can live in an environmentally sustainable manner. Environmental concerns are global and areas of study comprise mainly: Agricultural excess, loss of biodiversity/species at threat, forest supervision, wetland protection, environmental systems, environmental lobbying, fisheries and aquaculture, air pollution and climate change, environmental protection, groundwater pollution, water pollution, renewable energy sources and sustainable development (APICS, 2003). For example, according to a main report on the state of Arctic biodiversity, the researchers have a superior suggestion of preservation requirements in the polar region. As per the report, at the local level, there is apparent proof that a number of economically-significant species have been exploited, and habitat has been damaged because of increased developmental activities. It is also reported that weather change is having considerable effects on Arctic species, permafrost, and sea ice; unfamiliar invasive species are more and more entering the region. Further, pollutants released far away are emerging at large scales in human and wildlife communities. The report also indicates the need of crucial information in

Body Modifications in the Modern Western Society Essay

Body Modifications in the Modern Western Society - Essay Example It is imperative that considerations with regards to the ideals and beliefs be taken in order to understand as to why not just primitive cultures but modern society in general fully accepts body piercing and modification as a part of the norm. Body piercings and modifications are components of a long history of cultures that are usually rooted in shamanic and other healing practices (Favazza 2). In the past, and even in the present, blood has been a symbol of life, and thus most cultures would be putting emphasis on the importance of life and living by holding sacrifices, blood-letting, scarifications and tattoos to tribal members, whether it is part of a rite of passage or as prayer for healing, among others. The transformation of the body can be also seen as a part of a tribe’s culture, of either as a status symbol or as the ideal picture of being presentable (â€Å"Cultural Customs†). The price of attaining beauty with regards to the perspectives of some particular t ribes is by altering the normal appearance of the body into what is considered beautiful. As compared to the modern societies today, this is not something new, since there are many people who also modify their bodies by adding piercings, tattoos, even scars to promote their own identities. However, it is not a cultural thing, but a matter of choice, as is also other modifications such as body implants, body building, and other dietary alterations (Featherstone 1). Body modification is defined as practices that aim to change the natural appearance of the body in any form or means (Featherstone 1). Among such practices would be tattooing of skin, body piercings, the addition of implants in the body as well as the other dietary and exercise regimen such as fasting and body-building. In some primitive cultures, altering the body to some extent is regarded as either a rite of passage or as a beautification ritual. The addition of tattoos and other forms of scarification gives the younger boys their passport to adulthood. In a tribe in Papua New Guinea, the cutting of skin and making it seem like a crocodile’s is not just for beautification, but as a part of the transformation of boys into adults, and by entering such a ritual is their recognition of being mature in the eyes of the whole village (â€Å"Cultural Customs†). The Suri tribe in Africa cut their lips and insert a clay pot in it, and according to their customs, the larger th e plate, the more one woman is desirable to other men, and she might even get a lot of cattle as dowry for marriage (â€Å"Cultural Customs†). In Indonesia, chiseling the teeth into fine points is considered to be another form of adornment, and women who get their teeth chiseled are seen as having a higher status than those who don normal-looking teeth (â€Å"Cultural Customs†). In a westerner’s perspective this seems to be cruel, it must also be remembered that modifications of the body such as breast implants and rhinoplasty are also done my many women in order to become much more attractive to males. Also, for some people the addition of implants is a way of hastening the process of evolution. Performance artists such as Orlan and Stelarc modify their bodies through implants such as horns, and by altering their bodies they convey the message of critiquing the notion and concept of beauty (Featherstone 9). For most

Modern historial narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern historial narrative - Essay Example This is because Giovanna was well known to be a beggar and professional poisoner. Often, circumstances have lead us to take paths that have landed us in trouble, as this was the case for Giovanna, who started and ended her days at the market place either trying to sell some concoction that could do this or that or begging for food and money for herself and her children after she become a widow. Despite her bad luck in life, Giovanna had a keen interest in business. She noted that the only reason people (mostly women) went to her, was for her portions and magic despite her numerous protests of her incompetence in the practice. She learned to embrace her newly found ‘skill’ and even accepted the role in time. News about her spread in Palermo- of course in secret among her clients and potential clients- and soon, she was a typical witch. She had all the classical characteristics of a witch, in that she was old- seventy-five years old to be precise- a widow and a beggar. People even said that she went out at night with â€Å"the women from beyond† (donna di fura) who were supernatural whose unpredictable decisions and fickle desires, people believed were responsible for their good or evil fortunes. Lavack1 says that more and more women visited Giovanna despite her persistence for incompetence. Moreover, the magic they sought was lethal and had to kill its victim through occult powers, thus leaving whoever understood or mediated those powers morally and legally without blame. In short, those who went to Giovanna went with the intent to murder. Even when her mixtures and spells did not attain their desired effect, the intent to kill remained. Challenged by the pressure from her customers, Giovanna dedicated herself to perfecting her skill in spells and magic potions. Giovanna soon made a casual discovery that changed her

WHY STUDY THE ENVIRONMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WHY STUDY THE ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example The area of environmental learning comprises Environmental Science that gives importance to the natural sciences, in the background of an interdisciplinary approach. Various other areas of environmental learning’s give equal stress on natural and social sciences. Humans are essentially related with all living things on this planet earth. On the other hand, the current actions demonstrate that the day-today existence harshly impacts the biosphere, which contributes to the entire organisms. There are options the way every one live at present. Studies in an environmental related academic curriculum, one can study the reasons for transform, what needs to transform, and how one can transform in order that all can live in an environmentally sustainable manner. Environmental concerns are global and areas of study comprise mainly: Agricultural excess, loss of biodiversity/species at threat, forest supervision, wetland protection, environmental systems, environmental lobbying, fisheries and aquaculture, air pollution and climate change, environmental protection, groundwater pollution, water pollution, renewable energy sources and sustainable development (APICS, 2003). For example, according to a main report on the state of Arctic biodiversity, the researchers have a superior suggestion of preservation requirements in the polar region. As per the report, at the local level, there is apparent proof that a number of economically-significant species have been exploited, and habitat has been damaged because of increased developmental activities. It is also reported that weather change is having considerable effects on Arctic species, permafrost, and sea ice; unfamiliar invasive species are more and more entering the region. Further, pollutants released far away are emerging at large scales in human and wildlife communities. The report also indicates the need of crucial information in

Modern historial narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern historial narrative - Essay Example This is because Giovanna was well known to be a beggar and professional poisoner. Often, circumstances have lead us to take paths that have landed us in trouble, as this was the case for Giovanna, who started and ended her days at the market place either trying to sell some concoction that could do this or that or begging for food and money for herself and her children after she become a widow. Despite her bad luck in life, Giovanna had a keen interest in business. She noted that the only reason people (mostly women) went to her, was for her portions and magic despite her numerous protests of her incompetence in the practice. She learned to embrace her newly found ‘skill’ and even accepted the role in time. News about her spread in Palermo- of course in secret among her clients and potential clients- and soon, she was a typical witch. She had all the classical characteristics of a witch, in that she was old- seventy-five years old to be precise- a widow and a beggar. People even said that she went out at night with â€Å"the women from beyond† (donna di fura) who were supernatural whose unpredictable decisions and fickle desires, people believed were responsible for their good or evil fortunes. Lavack1 says that more and more women visited Giovanna despite her persistence for incompetence. Moreover, the magic they sought was lethal and had to kill its victim through occult powers, thus leaving whoever understood or mediated those powers morally and legally without blame. In short, those who went to Giovanna went with the intent to murder. Even when her mixtures and spells did not attain their desired effect, the intent to kill remained. Challenged by the pressure from her customers, Giovanna dedicated herself to perfecting her skill in spells and magic potions. Giovanna soon made a casual discovery that changed her

Inflation and Government Economic Policies Essay Example for Free

Inflation and Government Economic Policies Essay Inflation is described as the process by which prices are continuously rising or the value of money continuously decreases (Consumer Price Index Frequently Asked Questions, 2013). As the definition explains, this is not something that would be desirable for the government or its citizens. For example, Germany during the 1920’s experienced a period of hyperinflation. Germans literally had to carry wheel barrels of money to buy groceries. The price of a loaf of bread rose from around 200 Marks to over 200,000,000,000 Marks. Inflation is measured in several ways including Consumer Price Index, Producer Price Index, Employment Cost Index, Gross Domestic Product Deflator, and several other methods (Consumer Price Index Frequently Asked Questions, 2013). Inflation can be caused when the demand of goods and services cannot be met. Since demand cannot be fulfilled, manufacturers can increase the price of goods, thus causing inflation. Inflation can also be caused when there is too much money in circulation. Money can lose its value if everyone has too much of it. In order to try to control inflation, the government can regulate fiscal policies. Employees’ wages can play a big role in inflation. If everyone is making a lot of money, then prices can increase. Lower incomes actually help governments avoid inflation. Another method of regulating/manipulating inflation is by controlling aggregate demand, the number of goods and services requested at the given price point. Aggregate demand can be altered by either imposing taxes or decreasing and restricting government spending. According to BLS.gov, CPI, or Consumer Price Index, is the means by which we measure change in prices urban consumers pay for goods and services in the market basket. This measures what consumers pay on a daily basis for goods and services. Since 2000, CPI has been increasing. CPI can change due to shifts in population or buying habits of consumers. If the economy is up, people will most likely spend more money, and inversely if the economy is  down, consumers will spend less. New trends in technology or even fads can also change CPI. If consumers are influenced by media on alternatives to goods and services that buy and use, this too causes changes in CPI. CPI directly impacts the economy because it is used to determine the amount of government assisted people can be given such as Medicaid benefits and Social Security Benefits. The graph below shows the changes over time since January 2000 to January 2014 (Consumer Price Index Chained Consumer Price Index, 2014). CPI from January 2000-January 2014 PPI, or Producer Price Index, measures the changed by which producers sell their products (Producer Price Indexes, n.d.). This measures inflation at the beginning stages, ground level, from the manufacturers’ standpoint. Since 2000, PPI like CPI has also increased. Both of these measurements go hand in hand, as the price the manufacturers’/producers charge for their goods and services increases, the amount consumers are paying for these said items also increases. The difference between the two however can include taxes imposed on both producers and/or consumers alike. PPI can be used to determine at what point prices need to escalate. The following graph shows changes in PPI since 2000 (Producer Price Index-Commodities, 2014). PPI from the Year 2000 to the Year 2014 Consumer Expenditure Survey, CE, is defined by BLS.gov as the â€Å"program consists of two surveys, the Quarterly Interview Survey and the Diary Survey, that provide information on the buying habits of American consumers, including data on their expenditures, income, and consumer unit (families and single consumers) characteristics. The survey data are collected for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau†. CE has also been increasing since 2000 to present day. CE is pivotal to government fiscal policies because it is the only measurements that shows us not only the amount of money consumers earn and spend, but also consumers spending habits  and trends that we observe. CE is used by policymakers to study the effects of their policies on economic groups and by the Census Bureau to determine Supplemental Poverty Measurements, Like CPI, new technology greatly impacts CE. In the 1980’s, spending on computers and hardware were not as prominent as they are now. According to BLS.gov, changes in internet services and cellphones were also not as prominent in the 1980’s (The Consumer Expenditure Survey—30 Years as a Continuous Survey, 2010). Increases in income and the amount of money consumers spend change CE. The graph below shows these changes (Consumer Expenditure Survey, 2014). Consumer Expenditure Survey 2000-2012 Throughout the last fourteen years, the different units of measurement use to determine inflation have all increased. As the standard and cost of living increases, and as minimum wage continues to increase, all of these units will also increase. This has helped to prevent inflation and hyperinflation. If the prices of goods increase while the income people are bringing in stays the same, this would lead to inflation. As income decreased in 2008-2009, the CPI, PPI, and CE also decreased. The more money we are circulating, the more producers’ will be able to increase the price of goods and services, and the more consumers are going to pay for them. This cycle will continue to grow exponentially. As I stated earlier, there are different methods and fiscal policies governments can implement to avoid inflation. Like Keynesian economics, some of which are based around limiting and controlling government spending. References Consumer Expenditure Survey. Retrieved August 20, 2014 from http://www.bls.gov/cex/ Consumer Expenditure Survey. Retrieved August 20, 2014 from http://data.bls.gov/pdq/SurveyOutputServlet The Consumer Expenditure Survey—30 Years as a Continuous Survey. Retrieved August 20, 2014 from http://www.bls.gov/cex/ceturnsthirty.htm Consumer Price Index Chained Consumer Price Index. (August 19, 2014). Retrieved August 19, 2014 from http://data.bls.gov/pdq/SurveyOutputServlet Consumer Price Index Frequently Asked Questions. (August 15, 2013). Retrieved August 19, 2014, from http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpifaq.htm#Question_1 Producer Price Index-Commodities. (August 19, 2014). Retrieved August 19, 2014 from http://data.bls.gov/pdq/SurveyOutputServlet Producer Price Indexes. Retrieved August 19, 2014 from http://www.bls.gov/ppi/

India during The Great Recession

India during The Great Recession India during the ‘Great Recession Introduction: Economists called the financial crisis of the 2007 2009 as the â€Å"Great Recession†, since it is a critical factor and vital cause for the failure of many businesses and significant influencer that has worsened many economies. After US busted out the housing bubble, this raised the rates of sub-prime and mortgage rates. India, the country which is fully an export driven economy like many other countries, the GDP of India mainly relies on domestic consumption. If a countrys GDP is based on domestic consumption, then how this financial tsunami did left vestige in India. The software industry, though not a prime deterministic factor for Indian economy, contributes notable financial transactions towards Indian economy. This brought flow of foreign funds in to the economy. The portfolio investments are visible in the Indian stock exchanges where foreign borrowings and FDI inflows remain less visible. When the global economies started decelerating, all these three factors bound t o decease, which caused an impact on Indias emerging economy. The following essay is presented in a macroeconomic perspective, when the period of growth alternated to a period of stagnation, how Indian economy faced the crisis and how government and Reserve Bank of India responded by taking various steps to handle the economic downturn. Effects in Indian Economy India, after a subsequent growth, experienced a decline in its economy due to the global economic downturn. Faced many uncertainties like stumbling industrial growth, reduced foreign exchange and diminishing rupee value. This economic instability gave a worst hit in Indian economic portfolio by acutely affecting Indian banks. Many public sector units and banks, who invested money into derivatives, were funded by Lehman Brothers Inc and Meryl Lynch Inc for the exposure in the derivatives market. As Lehman Brothers Inc dissolved, many companies including leading banks in India filed losses for few hundred million dollars. The impact of this huge financial crisis affected not only the financial markets primarily, but also the Indian IT industry, availability of global funds, and decrease in exports. Reduced Availability of Global Funds The availability of the global funds, which is accounted as one of the major driving force of the emerging economies like India, was considerably less. The initial stage experienced a rise in the interest rates and the equity prices were affected as the funds transformed into bonds. This less inflow didnt affect the GDP of the Indian economy, since it holds the larger share on its domestic household savings. Indian companies, which relied on the foreign funds for its trading activities, were allowed less access, which affected corporate profitability due to high interest rates, created large demand for the domestic fund access and peer supply pressure restricted from capacity increase. Effects in Indian Exports India faced a sudden decline in its exports during this economic crisis, as a piece of Indian economy is a sole dependent on exports. In October 2008, after 35% growth in the previous months, filed its decrease in exports calculated to 15%, and shipments decreased to 33.33%, recorded to be a largest drop ever. This drop affected many industrial sectors right from the manufacturing goods to jewellery exports. This fall in the exports which lead to many job losses estimated to be 1million and closure of many small units. Effects in Indian IT Industry As discussed above, one of the main tools to transact and access the flow of foreign funds is the Indian IT industry, which contributes significantly a mind share towards the Indian GDP. Indian IT companies are well accredited for its quality software and services, well stated to be a major employment opportunity creator. Since, India has abundant labor resources and plays a major service provider across the globe. Many foreign companies are attracted to the Indian IT companies for its software development and for its service outsourcings. The recent outsourcing boom into India from the foreign countries mainly from US left an impact in the in the IT industry, which is accounted to be a major player in employment and foreign exchange. Approximately 60% of the Indian IT sectors revenue is fully based only on the US suppliers. Around 30% of the industrys revenue is generated from the financial services companies from US. Indian companies were appreciated for its flexibility in work, Qu ality product deliveries and for its efficient services. As there were no intense partnering between Indian firms and major financial services, major share of the IT firms were saved from the impact of the recession. Even though, some Indian IT companies partnered with US financial companies like Lehman Brothers Inc and Meryl Lynch Inc affected a little. This slowdown in the US economy lead 70% of the firms to negotiate for lower rates with their suppliers and nearly 60% have cut back the contracts. The sudden fall in the US economy reduced the growth of Indian IT firms down by 2-3%. Now and then many new outsourcing opportunities were given to the Indian companies from the US firms, which involved in mergers and acquisitions, since the companies would look forward to reduce its selling, general and administrative costs through offshore developments. Even when some firms were affected a little in the economic downturn, however this crisis created equal opportunities in the outsourcing side of the IT industry. Effects in Indian Financial Industry The Indian financial market remained resilient, when the foreign institutional investors disappeared. As the impact of the economic crisis, the mental attitude of investors took a drift to withdraw from risky markets ended with substantial capital outflow that led to a liquidity crunch putting Indian stock market under huge pressure. Indian market continued to be healthier since its prime drive is through domestic consumption which includes productivity in agricultural sector, domestic infrastructure products and through small medium enterprises. Indian banks have gained the investors trust and have most of the deposits, since most of the banks are nationalized and the investments are protected by the Indian Government. Even though the domestic banking is secure as the nationalized banks remain the core of the system. This economic crisis created fragility as many banks invested the investments of US financial firms into the derivatives. Many other factors like decline in the foreign exchange reserves held by Reserve Bank of India, diminished value of rupee with respect to US dollar value, and decline in the share value of the stocks. Steps for the Recovery Efforts made by the Reserve Bank of India to stop the depreciating rupee value led to a proportionate fall in the foreign reserves value of India. The Indian economy experienced a high inflow of money in the form of capital investment. This decreased the value of rupee with dollar; India faced a large trade deficit and factor payments abroad such as debt repayment and profit repatriation. Along with this the stock market side also showed a decline after its steady increase during previous months. The government of India and the Reserve Bank of India started responding to this challenge by following various efforts and procedures in order to maintain a free flow position of rupee liquidity, maintain the foreign exchange liquidity and maintain it credit tracks through strict monetary policies to avoid inflationary pressures. But however, it changed its current approach towards the current scenario eased the monetary constraints by reducing the interest rates, reduced the quantum of bank reserves impounded by central bank and expanded with liberalization to refinance facilities for export credit. To manage the foreign exchange, the Reserve Bank of India made an upward adjustment on interest rate ceiling on the foreign deposits by non-resident Indians. Substantially relaxed the external commercial borrowings regime for corporate. It allowed access to foreign borrowing to non banking financial companies and housing companies. The Reserve Bank of India even took many unconventional measures to boost up the economy from the liquidity scenario. Many Indian banks were given a currency swap facility especially for Indian rupee and US dollar to fulfill the short term fund requirements. IT also supported many non banking financial organizations through an exclusive refinancing channel. Housing and exports were boosted to reach higher levels by enabling the lending resources even to small industries. In addition to the various efforts of the Reserve Bank of India, the Central Government of India constituted the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act to make the fiscal sustainable in the global economic crisis. The emergency act by the government of India seeks a relaxation from the fiscal targets. Two fiscal acts were launched. Both the fiscal acts valued around 3% of the GDP, which included agricultural farmer loan waiver, infrastructure investments, additional coverage for SMEs and public spending. These fiscals were injected to stimulate demand. As the result the amount accounting to 7% of the GDP made available in the financial system. India is witnessing a mixed result of growth prospects in this economic downturn. The services sector which accounts for the 57% of the Indias GDP and has been the prime growth engine in the last five years is slowing mainly in the construction, transport, communication, trade, hotels and restaurants. Indias exports which account for 15% of the economy grew 3.4% to 168.7 billion in the fiscal year ended march 3108, missing a target of 200 billion set by the government. Corporate margins were down due to the high input costs and the weakened demand. Business confidence had been affected due to the uncertainty in the economic condition. India certainly had some advantages in this financial crisis. The inflation fell sharply, faster than expected, which is measured by the wholesale price index. Thus the fall in inflation should revive consumer demand and reduce costs for the corporate. Fiscal prices will open up the spending on the infrastructure developments as the decline in the global crude oil and naphtha prices will reduce the amount of subsidy given to the oil and fertilizer companies. Imports are expected to shrink more than the exports, to keep the current account deficits at some modest levels. The banking system in India with its well capitalized and prudently regulated measures, helped to sustain the financial market stability to a larger extent. Gaining confidence from the foreign investors on Indian economy is an additional plus, due to the comfortable levels of foreign reserves. The negative impact of the wealth loss effect in the capital markets that have plagued the developed countries will not affect India because majority of Indians have bordered themselves away from assets and equity markets. Credit for agriculture will also remain unaffected because of Indias mandated priority sector lending. The farm waiver package from the government acts as an additional insulation to the agricultural sector. Indias several social safety and awareness programs e.g. the rural employment guarantee program, will protect the poor and migrants from ill effects of global crisis. Conclusion Thus the global financial crisis made a hit in the Indian economy. After severe uncertainties in various sectors such as IT industry in India, Financial market in India, Non availability of global funds and impact in the export business have given broader outlook to the impact of the global financial crisis, starting from US and how it had en route to India. All the fields were discussed with several insights on how the various industries have been affected by this economic downturn, some had opportunities to grow and some were flattened, since the Indian economy is one of the emerging economies in the world, which recorded to be the least affected by this economic crunch. Even government faced a wide range a problems during this credit crunch. The Indian Government and The Reserve Bank of India, worked collaboratively with consultation and coordination, after initiating and implementing various processes, rules and acts, kept this huge economic problem under control. Thus the global economic crisis is inevitable till the economy of the developed, developing countries become stable and self sustainable. The effects of the economic downturn are a test to check the financial stabilities in market and regulations across the global economy.

Comparing Roman and Greek Art Essay -- Ancient Rome Greece History Art

Comparing Roman and Greek Art Throughout history art has consistently reflected the cultural values and social structures of individual civilizations. Ancient art serves as a useful tool to help historians decipher some important aspects of ancient culture. From art we can determine the basic moral and philosophical beliefs of many ancient societies. The differences in arts purpose in Greece and Rome, for example, show us the fundamental differences in each culture's political and moral system. The primary objective of Greek art was to explore the order of nature and to convey philosophical thought, while Roman art was used primarily as a medium to project the authority and importance of the current ruler and the greatness of his empire. This change in the meaning of art from Greek to Roman times shows the gradual decline in the importance of intellectualism in ancient western culture. The earliest example of how art reflects the basic moral and philosophical belief systems in individual cultures is seen in the Ancient Egyptian empire. The art of this time was highly idealized and mainly focused on displaying the divinity and importance of the Pharaoh. The most famous examples of this Theocratic influence on art are the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Chefren. The massive size and artistic perfection of these works, which were mainly dedicated to expressing the divinity of the Pharaoh, show that Egyptian society was based primarily on mythological law. The highly idealized, mythological style of Egyptian art suggests that Egyptian culture as a whole was not concerned with scientific and mathematical truths. Arts reflection of culture and society extends to the Greek and Roman empires, and shows the import... ... a symbol of the supreme authority he held over his empire. At his feet, a small sculpture of Cupid was carved in an attempt to show Augustus?s divine lineage (Cunningham, 150). Every aspect of this portrait is highly idealized and centered around the greatness and divinity of Augustus. Because little attempt was made to capture the actual physical appearance of the Emperor, this sculpture can not be considered a portrait but more accurately, a profile of greatness. Such works display the political domination and lack of originality in Roman art. The simplification of art during this period reflects an overall simplification of thought and decline in the importance of intellectualism in western culture. Work Cited Cunningham, Lawrence S., Reich, John J. Culture and Values; A Survey of Western Humanties. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1994.

Faulkner Vs McCarthy Essay -- essays research papers

McCarthy vs Faulkner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Cormac McCarthy’s All The Pretty Horses and William Faulkner’s The Unvanquished are completely different, their style and plot techniques share more similarities than differences. All The Pretty Horses and The Unvanquished both depict the importance of honor in a persons life, whether it be honor through vengeance, honoring family, or honoring the tradition of woman, these two novels teach that honor can create a stronger person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vengeance plays an important role in both books. â€Å"At first Granny had not wanted to be dead either but now she had begun to be reconciled. We unwrapped it from the jagged square of stained faded gray cloth and fastened it to the board. ‘Now she can lay good and quiet,’ Ringo said.† (Page 184) Bayard and Ringo would be considered cowards and shunned from their plantation if they had not gone out to hunt down Grumby. Killing the murderer was the only type of justice served and accepted in society back then. John Grady Cole felt a great load of pressure on himself for Blevins’ death, and he knew it would be everlasting if he did not avenge Blevins’ death. John sets out with a passion to kill the captain and regain the horses, but realizes that the captain will have a tougher time staying alive and John let’s him go. This relieves the tension that Blevins’ death caused.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Honor towards family plays one of the most important roles in The U...

Pescriptive Versus Emergent

When described with historical perspective since it arrived in the mid 1960s, strategic or prescriptive planning has been embraced as a way of â€Å"outflanking competitors with big plays that yield long term rent from a sustainable advantage† (Bhide, 1986).Although it faltered in the 1980s and 1990s mainly due to the unstable economy in that period and the rise of emergent strategy, it is still being practised today (John A Pearce II, 1987). Emergent strategy is the view that â€Å"strategy emerges as intentions collide with a changing reality† (Moore, 2011). This literature review places the article ‘Crafting strategy’ (Mintzberg, 1987) in the wider context of prescriptive and emergent debate followed by strengths and weakness of the article. Placing the article in wider literature debateIn ‘Crafting strategy’ Mintzberg distinguishes between planning strategy and crafting strategy. Mintzberg view on strategic planning is clear. â€Å"Strateg ic planning isn’t strategic thinking. One is analysis and the other is synthesis† (Mintzberg, 1994). According to Mintzberg the current practise of strategic planning ‘separates thinking from doing’. He claims the current implementation of strategic planning can be best described as strategic programming, â€Å"the articulation and elaboration of strategies, or visions that already exists† (Mintzberg, 1994)Thereby limiting intuition and creativity. Mintzberg idea on strategic planning is further emphasised by Brian Boyd who suggest prescriptive strategy limits organisation creativity and innovative skills (Boyd, 1991). Psychologist on prescriptive planning says â€Å"Articulation of strategy locks it into place, thereby impeding willingness to change it† (Kiesler, 1971). The fact is that organisations who implement prescriptive strategy plan not to be flexible but to realize detailed intentions.According to Mintzberg the key to crafting strate gy is  the ‘intimate connection between thought and action’. [p68]. John Oliver emphasised in his book the importance of effective use of the action learning process hence emergent strategy in developing a future business strategy. (Oliver, 2006) The inflexible nature of deliberate strategy greatly reduces its litheness for creative and reactive process. Emergent strategy therefore possesses a much greater adaptability, particularly in tentative times and more difficult business environmental conditions.However Michael Porter argues that Industry structure drives competition and profitability. Success is not determined by whether an industry is mature or emerging (Porter, 1979). This is a typically prescriptive view on strategy, as it suggests breaking down intentions into communicated steps and formularizing those steps into the structure of the organisation. This premise is contradicted by various perspectives, as they believe accumulated learning and experience pro vides rare advantage that is difficult for other competitors to copy (Gerry Johnson, 2008).This suggests that strategy can be crafted as organisations learn from previous success and failures. Mintzberg in ‘Crafting strategy’ promotes the idea that prescriptive strategy ‘misguides organisations that embrace it unreservedly.’[p66]. He pushes the idea that crafting strategy is a more effective representation of strategy. ‘Craft evokes traditional skills perfection through the mastery of detail†¦.developed through experience and commitment.’[p66]. This is essentially emergent strategy as it describes â€Å"patterns realized despite or in the absence of intentions† (Henry Mintzberg, 1985) James Moncrieff (Moncrieff, 1999) states in his article â€Å"deliberate responses to issues emerging within the competitive environment can still usually be labelled emergent strategy as it is based on response to emerging opportunities and threat.â € Mintzberg supports Moncrieff idea by using National Film Board of Canada as an example ‘Strategies like the NFB’ that appear without clear intentions-or in spite of them-emergent strategies’ [p69]. This shows when actions are taken in responds to a new challenge patterns eventually forms. However, it would be ignorant and inaccurate to place the article solely as emergent. In this article Mintzberg states there is no such thing as ‘Purely deliberate strategy or a purely emergent one’. [p69] Emergent strategy as an extreme is essentially the absence of strategy (Andrew Inkpen, 1995).The  crafting of strategy is definitely far from deliberate strategy but would be implausible to be classified as purely emergent strategy. In Mintzberg words ‘Strategy making walks on two feet, one deliberate and the other emergent’ In other words learning must be used in conjunction with control. Mintzberg expands on this idea when he said â€Å"We t hink in order to act†¦..but we also act in order to think.† (Mintzberg, 1994) This in turn converges into practical pattern that becomes strategy. This article best supports ‘deliberately emergent approach’ or umbrella approach as Mintzberg conveyed the idea that processes should be consciously managed to ‘allow strategies to emerge en route.’ In this case senior management provides broad guidance and leaves the detail to those lower down in the organisation.Strengths and WeaknessesKey strength in this article is Mintzberg ability to utilize pathos, logos and ethos effectively to appeal to his readers. The article is brilliantly written and well structured thereby appealing to readers from all intellectual level. In addition, Mintzberg paints a vivid picture of the ideal form of strategy in the readers mind with the use of crafting as a metaphor. He intertwines the quality of a good porter to that of a manger, consequently illustrating the role o f a manager in crafting strategy ‘Managers are craftsmen and strategy is their clay.’ Mintzberg deliberately uses the metaphor to differentiate his concept of strategy from the mechanized models of deliberate planning that is void of creativity.A key element emphasised in ‘Crafting strategy’ is the ability for businesses to learn from experiences and ‘allow strategies to emerge en route.’ However what is not clearly indicated is if such type of approach is applicable to all sectors. McKiernan (McKiernan, 1997) argues that Mintzberg theory places too much emphasis on established businesses as new entrants won’t have the available experience to learn from. Furthermore Burgelman (Robert A. Burgelman 1991, Andres S. Grove, 2007) believes such approach can only be applicable to businesses without existing strategy, as strategy is embedded with experience and learning, thereby making it harder for management to implement constant incremental c hanges in responds to the environment.In this article, Mintzberg fails to discuss on the weakness of emergent strategy. He proposes that businesses should learn from mistakes that occur, however he neglects the consequences of mistakes such as the cost and wasted time due to trials and errors. These unrealistic expectations of emergent strategies are identified by Lynch. (Lynch, 2006) Mintzberg’s failing to discuss on the weakness of emergent strategy limits the usefulness of emergent strategy in practice. However authors such as Snyder and Cummings (William Snyder, 1998) carried out empirical study and designed models which aimed to align organisational learning with performance. Adcrof (Adcroft, 2009) also emphasises purely emergent strategy would be â€Å"a trial and error driven activity where intuition is wrong as often as it is right, which gives rise to levels of risk that may be unacceptable† ConclusionIn conclusion, initially Mintzberg favoured emergent strate gy over prescriptive strategy. However, he stated both strategy are needed in order to successfully implement strategy and advised the used of deliberately emergent and umbrella approach to strategy. Overall Mintzberg idea of strategy is still relevant to the world today as they reflect the fact that plans do fail and the age of five years plans are slowly fading away as businesses are becoming more responsive to the ever changing environment.

Transforming India

Transforming INDIA By empowerment of the people of INDIA Through Relevant Education & Vocational Training By Krishan Khanna Supported By Printed in India by Sheetal Prints, 211, Pragati Industrial Estate, Dr. N. M. Joshi Marg, Lower Parel East, Mumbai – 400 011. Published in India by Manifest Publications, 308, Olympus, Altamount Road, Mumbai – 400 026, INDIA. Copyright  ©Krishan Khanna 2012 First Published in India in 1993 ISBN 978-81-906621-0-9 Transforming INDIA was first published by i Watch in 1993 and subsequently it was revised and enlarged every year till the present edition.See details on page 8 of this book. This book is also printed in 12 other Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Assamese, Oriya, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu Printed in India by Sheetal Prints, 211, Pragati Industrial Estate, Dr. N. M. Joshi Marg, Lower Parel East, Mumbai – 400 011. Published in India by Manifest Publications, 308, Olympu s, Altamount Road, Mumbai – 400 026, INDIA. Copyright and Reproduction All content in this book, such as text, graphics, logos, images, data compilation are the property of i Watch, as well as other information providers.This book or any part thereof should not be reproduced, duplicated, published, circulated or exploited. No part of this book can be transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic, without the prior permission and written consent of i Watch. Transforming INDIA By empowerment of the people of INDIA Through Relevant Education & Vocational Training 1. This is a book and not a magazine. Especially formatted to look like a magazine for easy reading. Very few wish to read a 200 page book! 2.This book and this work are meant for the Youth of INDIA and the 460 million people who work in the MSME's and for those men and women who are working for the empowerment of the youth and especially women and the girl child. 3. To understand and appreciate the context of this book, page7 needs to be read first as this page is the essence of this effort. 4. History of evolution of this book, page 8 5. Immortal Inspiration, page 9 6. A Citizen's effort page 10 7. Aim of this book, page 10 The above pages 7, 8, 9 and 10 are suggested reading before you get into the main sections of the book General www. wakeupcall. org 1Contents Contents Foreword Sustaining Economic Growth History of evolution of this book Immortal Inspiration A Citizen’s effort & Aim of this book What can we do for you? i Watch Focus areas Citizen's response to i Watch About i Watch Principles, Mission, Goals 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 Section 1 Governance The INDIA you may not know Agenda for Transforming India Economic & business reforms Governance & Administration Country of INDIA Good governance can transform India into a superpower Good governance + Effective Administration = Zero Corruption World class requires hard work How to achieve world class efficiency?T hree Questions for the world Leaders 19 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 31 33 Section 2 Education & Human Resource Development Tale of three countries after 1947 The importance of education Learn to read and write any Indian language in 40 – 60 hours Vocational education & training, VET – the winner! Enterprise Skills Development, ESD & Vocational Education, VET ‘Education Matrix’ of INDIA Make India an international hub for higher & technical education Making INDIA a Knowledge Economy The population bomb that must be diffused Paradox INDIA Three Proposals for Empowering the youth Youth Counseling – Who am I? www. wakeupcall. org 34 35 36 37 39 41 43 44 47 49 51 52 General Section 3 Economy & Enterprise Difference between Poor & Rich The real & virtual India Poverty Line & related data How to plan for World Markets? A checklist MSME’s – Backbone of any economy India must become an International Hub for business GDP analysis of the Economy  œ Importance of SME’s China – India comparison chart†¦.. Catch me if you can? World, USA, BRIC, Selected Countries 56 57 58 59 61 63 65 66 67 Section 4 Employment Generation 68 69 70 72 73 75 76 79 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 90Importance of Education & Skills HRD – Employment & Unemployment ‘Employment Matrix’ of India Employment Generation Thru’ SME’s Categories of MSME’s, US-SBA classification Employment Generation Thru’ VET Classification of Vocational Education & Training, VET courses Implementation of VET for Employment Generation Definitions used in the area of Education & VET Vocational Training, VET & Economy in China Vocational Training, VET & Economy in Germany (EU) Vocational Training, VET & Economy in USA Vocational Training, VET & Economy in India India’s labour productivity Relevant Education and Training Agriculture: Advantage IndiaGeneral General Information References i Watch in national committees Abbreviations used in this book i Watch publications available in 13 languages Action Plan for GDP growth rate of 10% to 15% per year i Watch Projects Planned for 2012 – 2013 Sponsors About the Author General 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 100 Wake up Call for INDIA 3 Foreword This presentation has been structured for the benefit of the citizens of India, eg. , politicians, farmers, officials, professionals, teachers, students, scholars, doctors, businessmen, housewives, engineers, lawyers, consultants, NRI’s, PIO’s and the youth of India.This is a book and not a magazine! It has the easy and friendly style for comfort reading. Most of the articles are in one or two pages. Very few articles are in three pages. Wherever required the text is supplemented with simple graphics in order to cut down as far as possible unneccessary text, unless it is absolutely essential. The material within this book is divided into four sections. The bottom of each page classifies each type of article. The interconnection of these themes is highlighted whenever relevant.Section Section Section Section 1 2 3 4 covers covers covers covers articles articles articles articles on governance. on education and human resource development. in the selected areas of economy & enterprise. in the domain of employment generation. This book is meant for anyone who may have studied upto class 8th and beyond. As hardly 7% of all Indians really understand English, this book is also available in all major Indian languages such as Marathi, Gujarati, Urdu, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese and Punjabi.The matter furnished herein has been updated to take into account current available data, wherever possible. The reader is requested to consider the contents of these pages in the spirit in which they have been written, to mobilize thought and action for the people of India. it is not a sermon, rather a statement of facts, to facilitate further awareness and action within the country, with the sole purpose to benefit the People of India. Each note is a ‘stand alone’. Any one of them can be read, at any time.If you ask me a pointed question about the five most important areas where we need to concentrate for bringing the maximum benefit to the people of India, I would say education, education, education, governance and primary healthcare. The first ‘education’ stands for funtional literacy and pre-primary, primary, secondary education. The ‘Right to Education Bill’ was introduced in parliament only in 2005 and passed in 2009. Thank God that after 63 years of Independance we realize the need for education! The second ‘education’ stands for vocational education and training (VET) and skills building.The importance of VET has finally been recognized at the level of the Prime Minister who had directed a Task Force in November 2006 to draw out milestones for uplifting our young Indians into productive employment by empowernment and training. 4 www. wakeupcall. org General In the 11th plan period the National Skills Council and the National Skills Devlopment Corporation have been setup in 2009. The Government of India has planned additional 1500 ITI's/ITC's and 50,000 skill centers in the 11th plan. The work on modernizing the existing 5,500 ITI's is also in full swing.The third ‘education’ stands for complete decontrol and deregulation of all forms of medical, higher and technical education. This alone can generate innovation, excellence and make us World Class. We have had reservations in steel, cement, cars, scooters, etc. Only increased capacity and free markets have solved the issues of price, quality and availability. ‘Licence Raj' in all forms of education especially in higher, medical and technical education must go! Education as an enterprise is nearly five times bigger than I. T. and software. It is therefore a much bigger employment generat or than software and I.T. The reader will have to look elsewhere for data and solutions in the area of primary healthcare. Good Governance has been highlighted by giving a number of examples of bad governance and the negative effects therefrom. It is difficult in a democracy to have good governance untill the electorate has been empowered with relevant education. Hence the emphasis on relevant education. It has taken our country 59 years after independance and a lot of discussion and debate to recognize the true potential of micro and small medium enterprises (MSMEs). The bill on MSMEs was passed only in 2006.Probably 80% of our GDP is here! 99. 7% of organizations in this world, including India, are MSME’s. This is the true ‘dynamo’ and ‘heartbeat’ of any nation. Out of a workforce of 490 million people, only 6% is the ‘organized sector’ and the balance 460 million or 94% is the ‘unorganized sector'. It is estimated that the total number of MSME's are 100 million. 80% in agriculture and plantations and the balance 20% in service and manufacturing sectors. The importance of Vocational education & training or VET and MSME’s for employment generation has been highlighted and explained.As per the latest CII – BCG – Prof. C. K. Prahlad Project [email  protected], the Nation requires 500 million world class skilled people and 200 million world class graduate by 2022. The history of evolution of this book has been dramatic, please see page number 8 for details. The only constant has been change. It is for you the reader to decide wether it was for better or for worse! Krishan Khanna Mumbai, India August 2012 Disclaimer The information mentioned in this book has been collected from various sources in India and outside, during the last 20 years. Watch does not take any legal responsibility for the accuracy of the data provided. We do not recommend that investment and business decisions be taken , based on the data provided in this book. Most of the sources of information as well as references are detailed on page 92. For the latest data and information the reader is advised to see the current websites and handbooks as mentioned on page 92. General Wake up Call for INDIA 5 Dear Reader, Welcome to i Watch. Based on the feedback from readers, we suggest that the following pages may be read first :1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7, 8. 9.Page 12 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Focus of this book Page 14 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Citizens response to i Watch Page 21 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Agenda for Transforming INDIA Page 34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Tale of 3 countries Page 47 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The Population Bomb Page 56 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Difference between Poor & Rich Page 59 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ How to plan for World Markets? Page 61 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦MSME's – Backbone of any economy Page 66 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ China – India comparison 10. Page 75 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Employment generation through VET 11. Page 87 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ India's Labour Productivity 12. Page 90 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Agriculture: Advantage INDIA 13. Page 93 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i Watch in National Committees 6 www. wakeupcall. org General Sustaining Economic Growth Through Relevant Education & Vocational Training The above theme needs to be continued forever, as far as India is concerned.The following two example will strengthen the importance of human resource development, relevant education and skills acquired through vocational training for sustainable development of the economy. I was invited in October 2007 by the Ministry of Education, S. Korea, to chair a session on ‘Vocational Education & Training (VET) for Developing Countries'. This was part of the Global HR Forum which was attended by nearly 1,200 educational experts from 50 countries. The only other Indian attending this forum was Prof. Ananth, Director of IIT-Madras. The deputy prime minister of South K orea was inaugurating the Global Forum.About 50 years ago the people of S. Korea were as poor as Indians. South Korea Looked at Japan and Germany who had very little mineral wealth such as ores, coal or energy in the form of gas, oil other hydro-carbons, just like S. Korea (but unlike India) but were developing very fast, in spite of the complete destruction in the 2nd world war! South Korea realized that the main reason was relevant education and skills building through vocational training. South Korea created a position of a deputy prime minister, whose main responsibility, I believe, is human resource development, education and skills building.General Wake up Call for INDIA 7 Today, after 50 years, an average South Korean has an income of nearly US$ 23,823 per year compared to US$ 1,530 for an average Indian. Is there a message in this for us in India? Let us Look at the 2nd example which is current. Where should we as a Nation be by 2022? Or in the year of our 75th Independence or [email  protected]? The Confederation of India Industry or Cll along with the world renowned management guru, late Prof. C. K. Prahlad had planned for [email  protected] Out of the 74 national committees of the CII, the ones on Education, Skills & HR and the Youth are primarily working on this initiative.Prof. Prahlad was very clear that only by empowerment of the people; especially the youth of India, through education and skills building and vocational training will ensure us as a Nation to attain our major our goals by the year 2022. The plan is to have 500 Million skilled people in different skills and 200 million world class graduates from different fields by 2022. More information about education, economy, governance and employment generation in India available at www. wakeupcall. org or in our book titled ‘Transforming INDIA by empowerment of the people of India through relevent education & vocational training'.History of evolution of this book In 1993 we started with a 4 page booklet. In 1997 it grew to 8 pages, which were also translated into 10 Indian languages. In 1999 the book had expanded to 16 pages, in 2001 to 24 pages, in 2002 to 28 pages, in 2004 to 32 pages, in 2005 to 36 pages, in 2006 to 48 pages and in January 2007 to 56 pages. In July 2008 the book was further expanded to 88 pages and in January 2009 was further expanded to 92 pages and in October 2009 to 96 pages. In February 2011 it was expanded to 100 pages. The current August 2012 edition is finally expanded to 104 pages.This book ‘Trannsforming INDIA' is available in English and 12 Indian language, viz. , Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The focus has always been in the same four areas: Governance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. India 1st Education and Human Resource Development †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Education 1st Economy and Enterprise †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Economy 1st Employment Generation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Employment 1st Economy 1st and Employment 1st, as mentioned 1 2 3 4 i Watch has four divisions, namely India 1st, Education 1st, total of fourty seven notes and observations. above. The first three subjects have ten, twelve and nine articles each while the fourth has sixteen, a To assist the reader, the bottem of each page mentions the classification of the text, in one of the above four categories. Where it does not fit any of the four above, we have classified the same under â₠¬ËœGeneral’ category. 8 www. wakeupcall. org General Immortal Inspiration Nobel Laureate – Rabindranath TagoreINDIA can become a Nation, which is best described in the words of Rabindranath Tagore Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; Where knowledge is free; Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls; Where words come out from the depth of truth; Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection; Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit; Where the mind is led by thee into ever widening thought and action– Into that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake.Gitanjali, verse XXXV. General Wake up Call for INDIA 9 A Citizen’s effort A citizen, an IIT engineer’s effort at starting and giving momentum for Transforming INDIA through relavant education, vocational training and human empowernment. All of us have a duty, many realize and many don’t. What is important is a clear understanding of what we need to focus on. The rest follows†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..A non-political, non-religious, non-sectoral effort where the only mission is to bring about awakening of the people and then alone can they decide and understand the latent potential of the People of India; what we missed out on and the importance of this work. There is much more to India than we typically may think. This work is only a seed; the growth will come through many hands, of which yours is also one. Aim of this bookThe biggest challange is to impart relevant education in the form of 100% functional literacy, vocational education and training a nd to expand multifold, the existing infrastructure of all forms of pre-primary, primary, secondary, higher, medical and technical education and make India an international hub for education, like it used to be. India needs to empower its youth with relevant education and training as soon as possible. The average age of an Indian is 26 years Priority number one is the education and empowerment of the girl child and women. 10 www. wakeupcall. org GeneralWhat can we do for you? 1. Publications Dear Reader we can assist and help you in the following areas:- Starting with this book. Please see details of other list of publications as detailed out on page 95. We request you to look at the inside cover page to note that this book of 104 pages is also available in 12 Indian languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Assamese, Bengali, Oriya, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada & Malayalam. English is only understood by 7% of the Indian population. 2. Interactive Workshops We conduct int eractive workshops in the following topics as detailed on page 91. Relevant Manufacturing Policy for India’, ‘Relevant Educational Policy for India’, ‘Globalization and how India can grow at +10% per year’, ‘Good Governance and how it benefits the citizen’, Employment Generation for 10 million people per year’, ‘How to make Money after leaving College’, Transforming India through Education’. 3. Mind-Set-Change of teachers, Parents & the Youth Kindly see the projects I and 2 as detailed on page 97 Not only are the Projects described but the positive impact of these Projects are also explained in detail. 4.Providing Relevant Data Kindly refer to our website at www. wakeupcall. org, all our publications as mentioned under item I, list of references as detailed out on page 92 and you will see that we have extracted a lot of relevant data for you the reader and formatted the same for easy reading and understanding. All our data is updated, as far as possible, once a year. 5. Setting up Vocational Education & Training Centres We work with a few large organizations within India who collectively train large number of people per year. We are their knowledge partners.By use of technology, by use of actual training centres, by use of integrating such training centres with business and industry in each local area, by providing trained Trainers & Mentors’ for actual training, by conducting assessments, exams and certification of trained persons, by providing counseling before training and placements after training, we add a lot of value for the youth in any geography or district of India. Currently we are concentrating on VET courses in the areas of Healthcare, Hospitality, Tourism, Education and setting up centres in all parts of India. Details on request.General Wake up Call for INDIA 11 i Watch Focus areas Education We work on this issue because†¦ 1. Drop-out rate between KG to Class 10 +2 is 87% to 93%, includes those who have never attended school. 2. ‘License Raj’ and regulation in Higher, Medical and Technical education, restricting growth, R&D, quality and capacity. 3. Cash out-flow of about Rs. 50,000 crores or US$10 to $12 billion per year for Indian students leaving India for foreign Universities, because of lack of seats and quality education within India. These funds enough to build 50 IIM’s & 30 IIT’s per year!It is estimated that about 153,000 students leave every year for foreign studies. 50% opt for a two year Masters course and the balance 50% for a four-year Undergraduate course. 4. Functional literacy expected to be about 33% against Government’s figure of about 67%, but China close to 93%. 5. Inadequate skills development. Hardly 0. 5% of the work force are being trained at any given, in the organized sector, versus the required 7% to 10%, as in China and other developed countries 6. India has 27,000 foreign stude nts while Australia has 400,000 foreign students 7.India has 1. 7 million schools vs 2. 5 million in China 8. India has 563 Universities vs 1100 in China 9. Pre-Primary not given impoftance. 90% of the human brain developed between the age of 1 to 6. 2. Why is FDI stock into India hardly US$ 121 billion vs US$ 1920 billion for China + Hong Kong? 3. Tourist traffic into India is only 6 million per year vs 80 million per year into China? 4. World trade is about 2. 2% against 8. 0% for China. 5. Agriculture productivity in India is 40% as compared to that of China. 6. Life expectancy is 67 years vs 74 years in China. 7.Electrical loss due to transmission and other losses from electricity boards vary from 25% to 50% in India vs 6% to 8% in China. 8. Foreign exchange reserves about US $ 295 billion for India vs US$ 2199 billion in China. 9. HIV/AIDS affect about 5 million people in India vs 0. 85 million in China. 10. 40% of all fruits and vegetables are damaged or destroyed due to poor farm management. 11. India receives a lot of rain but because of poor water management we get floods or drought. Economy We work on this issue because†¦ 1. Labour Laws do not allow level playing field for Indian organizations within present Global Economy. . Employment generation suffers because we look at Capital Intensive businesses rather than Labor Intensive ones. 3. India has only 2. 6% of world GDP. Buying power is low, but demand is high due to high population of 17%. Exports is the answer. Enough emphasis not given so far in 66 years. SEZ’s need to grow faster. 4. Infrastructure is very inadequate for 1,210 million people. Lot of talk but very little implementation. Governance We work on this issue because†¦ 1. Rs. 3,600 crores or US$ 0. 72 billion spent everyday by the 35 states and UT’s of India to run the country.Are the citizens happy? < 1 million = 10 lacs> 12 www. wakeupcall. org General 5. India needs to cash in the advantage of purchasing powe r parity, (PPP) for it’s World Trade. 6. I. T. and software is only 5% of the Indian economy and 3% of world economy. India must look at the balance 97% of the world economy and make it World Class. 7. Advantage of SME’s not fully understood. Present definition not as per Global Standards as in EU, USA, Japan, China, etc. This is a big disadvantage to Indian business as 99. 7% of all organizations in the world are MSME’s.SSI’s are only 5% of India’s GDP while MSME’s would be close to 70% to 80%. Ministry of Industry focus should change from Industry to Economy. 4. Vocational education is directly connected with employment and wealth generation, unlike normal education and knowledge improvement. The benefits of VET for the common man, benefits to organizations who use skilled and trained manpower and benefits to the nation to make it globally competitive will only come about when nearly 80% of the youth, after the age of 15 years opt for VET and not for the normal college education which is B. A, B. Sc or B. Com! 5.The Demographic dividend of supplying young skilled manpower to the world markets must be seized by future Indians by using VET. 6. The present work force of 490 million can be divided into 30 million in the organized sector and 460 million in the unorganized sector. The biggest challange facing us is to provide world class VET for the 460 million in the unorganized sector! 7. Most of the SME’s are in the unorganized sector. SME’s are the real ‘Dynamo’ of the economy. Dovetailing SME’s with Vocational Education & Training will create one of the biggest pool of young, talented and trained manpower in the world!This will propel India forward as an economic power. 8. In contries like Switzerland & Austria there are 5000 VET centers each only for a polulation of 8 million each! These contries are land locked and have no mineral wealth or energyi but because of high quality human resorseas have GDP nearly 33% and 23% of respectively of India! 9. The present â€Å"Apprentice Act† is not in line with the country's present needs. It requires to be completely overhauled so that nearly 10% of the workforce could be apprentices being trained and working at the same time. Employment Generation We work on this issue because†¦ . India has 43 million registered unemployed and probably another 260 million who are underemployed or unemployed in the age group of 18 to 50 years but not registered. 2. The average age of an Indian is 26 years, compared to a Chinese who is 34 years and a European, American or Japanese who may be 40 to 45 years in age. India is a very young country. We need to skill our people so that we can take advantage of so many ‘Young Indians’! 3. While China spends nearly 2. 5% of GDP on Vocational Education & Training (VET) in 500,000 VET centres covering nearly 3000 vocations. India ardly spends 0. 1% of its GDP in VET in 850 0 centres covering about 400 vocations. The actual expenses in VET are more but data is not available! ; 1 million = 10 lacs; General Wake up Call for INDIA 13 Citizens respond to i Watch Feedback and Response received from Indian organizations and individuals, during the last ten years has been documented, based on letters and communications received. A selection of some of these communications has been compiled into a dossier and available for inspection at our office in Mumbai. Some of the feedback is mentioned in the pages below.In short, we are quite happy about the mindset change and action plans initiated in different parts of India, based on the above strategy adopted by i Watch, action plans, assisting and networking with various stakeholders in the actual implementations of plans towards Educational Reforms and Transforming India. Sushma Berlia, President, Education Promotion Society for India †¢ They have set out to create a framework for achieving high and sustainab le growth for India. For this they are working to build consensus and influence policy changes.This is indeed a very unique strategy designed to have a far-reaching impact. Rajiv Kumar, Chief Economist, CII I hope to use some of the wisdom gleaned from your paper in the formulation of my policies of corporate governance. N. R. Narayana Murthy, Chairman & Chief Mentor, Infosys †¢ †¢ i Watch is doing a wonderful job in making the people understand and specify relevant policy changes required and the importance and need of Good Governance to benefit the people of India. Dr. B. P. Dhaka, Secretary General, PHDCC †¢ The Chamber appreciates the good work i Watch has been doing for the benefit of the citizens.P. N. Mogre, Secretary General, Indian Merchants Chamber †¢ The mission of i Watch has been the Mission of Krishan Khanna to innovate and transform where ever he was involved in work or life. Dr. P. S. Rana, Chairman & Managing Director, HUDCO †¢ As an educati onist and HRD consultant I strongly believe that the plan of i Watch for training 95% of the youth in 3000 areas of Vocational education is most innovative. If implemented, it would prove to be a major solution for the unemployment problem in India Prof. Rooshikumar Pandya, International Management Guru We interact with more than 500 NGO’s and we must say that we have found i Watch a unique and innovative NGO. Vinay Somani, Managing Trustee, Karmayog. com †¢ I have read with interest your book titled, Transforming India, and would like to convey my compliments to you for the very useful studies and suggestions contained in this. I have no doubt that the issues raised and the recommendations made are of immense value. B. N. Yugandhar, Member Planning Commission We believe in the ideas and suggestions of i Watch to bring the policies to optimum benefit for the people of India.Anupam Mittal, President & CEO, People group †¢ †¢ I have not heard of any NGO like i Wa tch which has such a holistic plan for Transforming India. Maj. Gen. D. N. Khurana, Director General, All India Management Association. Regarding Good Governance, I look forward to having detailed discussions with you to follow-up on some of the suggestions contained in your book, Transforming India. M. Damodaran, Chairman & Managing Director, IDBI †¢ †¢ I really appreciate i Watch’s endeavour in creating awareness, suggesting solutions and 14 www. wakeupcall. org I am aware of the good work being done by i Watch.I have noted your views regarding good governance, training and employment. M. Venkaiah Naidu, President, BJP †¢ General †¢ Please keep up the good work. Dr. Natarajan – Chairman, All India Council for Technical Education well as focusing on the areas where we need to give greater attention. M. V. Rajasekharan, Minister of State for Planning, Planning Commission †¢ I was very impressed with your whole program and your efforts to elevat e India. Babu Khalfan, NRI based in USA †¢ The vision with which i Watch has been set up is indeed a very timely effort for better governance.We would be glad to be associated with your foundation. Deepankar Sanwalke, Executive Director, KPMG †¢ We would deeply appreciate it if you could kindly spare the time to participate in the Conference on NRI—Civil Society Partnership and guide its deliberations. Dr. Abid Hussain, Chairman, Group for Economic & Social Studies At the outset, let me congratulate you on all your presentations and I feel happy and honoured that you have shown interest in our working together on vocational education and training. I can see the potential. Prof. Rupa Shah, Vice Chancellor, S. N. D. T. Women’s University †¢ I would like to thank you for your support. It has helped us grow into a strong and vibrant organization. Padmini Somani, Director, Salaam Bombay Foundation Your publication makes an interesting reading. I very much app reciate the simplicity and practicality of your approach. K. L. Chugh, Chairman Emeritus ITC Ltd. †¢ We welcome you as a founder member of the IC Centre for Governance. The executive committee members of the Centre are impressed by the choice of your core issues and the action plans outlined. Prabhat Kumar, Former Cabinet Secretary & President, IC Centre for Governance †¢ Watch is doing a wonderful job and the research work you are doing shall give us a lot of inputs for the movement. Sudesh K. Aggarwal, Secretary General, All Indians Foundation †¢ Reference your discussions with our Chief Secretary, we will be glad if you hold interactive sessions on Good Governance & Effective Administration for all senior and middle level officers, numbering about 450 of the government of NCT, at the Delhi Secretariat. Prakash Kumar, AR & IT Secretary, Govt. of NCT †¢ †¢ I must admit that this is really a very painstaking job and you have amassed a lot of valuable statist ics and data.I assure you that with my limited capability I shall try to project your data to all possible forums. P. N. Roy, Chairman, Indo-Asahi Glass Ltd. †¢ i Watch is invited as a part of the expert panel to comment and suggest on the â€Å"India and the World 2025† scenarios at the interactive workshop organized by the World Economic Forum and CII. Confederation of India Industry †¢ Your effort to shortlist the maladies looming ominously on our socio-cultural-economic spectrums deserve mention. R. S. Agarwal, Joint Chairman, Enami Group of Campanies †¢ Please accept my congratulations for the good work which you have done.I would like to take this opportunity to wish you all the best in your work and I am sure your publications will bring about awareness and as well play a very educative role in highlighting the issues and as General †¢ I critically studied your ‘Governance & Administration of India’ paper and came out very deeply impres sed and also agitated. It is powerful enough to make everybody sit up and think. It hits the right cord. You have precisely pointed out what ails India. Prakash Almeida, Director, Institute for Study of Economic Issues Wake up Call for INDIA 15 About i WatchI am sure this book will set all those who receive it thinking and from thinking at least some will go on to take some action to realize the vision you have sketched. N. Vittal, Central Vigilance Commission, CVC †¢ What is i Watch ? i Watch, is a citizens movement for Transforming INDIA. ‘i’ means India, Indians, you and me. ‘Watch,’ means that we are ‘watching' what is happening in the country and reporting to the citizens in order to create awareness for the sake of improvement. The ‘i’ is small since our gurus have always taught us that only with humility can we perceive the truth.We focus on Human resource development, governance, economy, enterprise and employment generation and the relevance of their interconnection. i Watch is a registered charity with the head office located in Mumbai, India. Donations to i Watch, qualify for 80G income tax benefits for indian organizations and citizens. The FCRA approval for foreign donations has been received in January 2009. Your perception is superb, ideas are original and some of the statistics are mind boggling. I wish your ideas get a much wider coverage through the all-India media. H. N. Dastur, Executive Director, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan When awareness is there, the action will also take place and in this crusade I and many Indians are with you. Keep it up. Sushil Gupta, Past District Governor, Rotary District 3010 †¢ I assure you that I will continue to do whatever is within my power to pursue the one point agenda as in your letter. George Fernandes, Defense Minister, Government of India †¢ We feel privileged on account of your having favoured us with your valuable experience. Air Commodore Amrit La l, Executive Director, Indian Society for Training & Development †¢ How do we plan to transform INDIA? i Watch, functions in three stages. . Create awareness Publications such as Making INDIA a Knowledge Economy, The INDIA you may not Know and Action Plan for INDIA are used for the purpose of creating awareness. 2. Solutions and Action Plans This is achieved by our website, interactive workshops and our 104 page book, Transforming INDIA. 3. Actual Implementation For this purpose, we assist and network with government, public, private organizations and NGO’s. †¢ I appreciate your viewpoints expressed in the note and would invite more ideas and pragmatic exercises which can help to develop society in the right direction.Suresh Prabhu, Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha 16 www. wakeupcall. org General What has i Watch achieved ? In 1992, when we started on the journey of Transforming INDIA, we had no clue as to the focus we should take. It took us nearly 4 years of resear ch and travel to come to some basic conclusions as to the areas of focus for transforming India. This we achieved by 1996. Real work started in 1997. The focus finally watered down to the following four key areas:1. HRD, Vocational education & Employment Generation 2. Governance & administration of India 3.Policy changes regarding, SSI, MSME and relevant labour laws 4. Economy, Enterprise, eg. emphasis on exports and other sectors of the economy such as retail, wholesale, manufacturing, travel and tourism, healthcare, infrastructure and agriculture. i Watch has had some success in all four areas as we have been able to change the mindset of a large cross section of the decision making population by the use of:1. Interactive workshops, seminars & articles 2. Publications, Making INDIA a Knowledge Economy, The INDIA you may not know and Action Plan for INDIA 3. 02 page book, Transforming INDIA 4. Website at www. wakeupcall. org 5. Participation in the National Committees of the MHRD, Planning Commission, Chambers of Commerce, CII, FICCI, Ministry of IT, etc. As member’s of CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM, PHDCC&I, IMC, MEDC, BCC&I and discussions with IBA, RBI, and MOF we were able to influence the meaning of SME’s and understanding the limited relevance of SSI’s. The only constant in life is change Recognized by the Europen Union, EU, for a joint project on employment generaction and vocational education and training in ten states of India.In the area of Governance we have been consulted by state governments such as the Delhi NCT to suggest and advice on Governance and Administration. In Educational Reforms, our thought process regarding vocational education and training, have been considered by the Ministry of HRD, Planning Commission & IGNOU. Thrust on Deregulation of Higher and Technical Education is gaining acceptance through initiatives with the CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM, EPSI, PHDCC&I and others. In the areas of Economy & Enterprise, we are called fo r our feedback and inputs by think tanks such as the World Economic Forum, WEF.In the last 20 years we have distributed more than 600,000 copies of our book, Transforming INDIA, conducted a large number of interactive seminars and hosted all our ideas and thoughts on our website. Our publications are available in 13 languages, in English, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengali, Assamese, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi, Urdu and Malayalam. Only 7% of Indians understand English. General Wake up Call for INDIA 17 i Watch principles, mission, goals Guiding Principles 1. Positive attitude Believe that real change is possible. 2. Research Don’t hit the road without detailed home work. 3.Effective communication Use communication tools to reach out to all. 4. Belief in the power of the community Recognize that the central means of all actions is a collective assertion. From an inclusive community comes a collective strength. 5. Constructive engagement Engage in the spirit of partn ership. Build alternative modules or change the rules. 6. Non partisan culture No political affiliation 7. Pro-political approach Politicians are victims of the vicious cycle, not villains 8. Respect for political process Recognition that the politics is the central to democrac and the true politics is a noble endeavour 9.Political alternatives There is no alternative to democracy—the alternative to democracy is a better democracy 10. Professionalism Deliver on individual roles and responsibilities at the highest degree of commitment and capability at all times. namely good governance & effective administration, how it influences the economy and how to achieve it? The importance of relevant Human Resource Development. Removing the present ‘Licence Raj’ in education! The need for policy changes such as scrapping the existing limited definition of small scale industry, SSI’s, and expanding it into micro, small and medium enterprises or SME’s.The cryin g need of relevant labour and administrative reforms to bring India at par with other Asian Tigers and to provide a level playing field to our business leaders and managers. Why exports and tourism must be expanded by 1000% of the present levels! In a democracy people have to get involved. Change is possible and more creditable if communication is ‘bottom up’ rather than ‘top down’. Our presentation is therefore designed for the common man or the ‘citizen of India’. Goal To make India, a land, which is truly world class. With 1210 million people, India has a very large demand, but where is the buying power?We must export more to build up buying power! India’s future lies in becoming a resource base for the world, in manufacturing, trading and services, since 97. 4% of world trade and 97. 8% of world buying power is NOT within India. A bird’s eye view shows:†¢ India needs to emulate the successful examples of information techn ology, software and diamond exports, for all other sectors of the economy. †¢ With a high purchasing power parity (PPP of Rs. 16 = US$1), India has immense scope to export goods and services. Good governance and effective administration are necessary to achieve these goals for India! Politicians and officials in China ‘Talk Economics & Walk the Talk’, that is why non-resident Chinese and foreign investors have confidence in China! Fortunately, the preception about India is now in positive territory! General Historical Background The focus was always constant in the areas of Human resource development, governance and the economy. The importance of the interdependance of HRD-Governance-Leadership-Economy & Enterprise-Infrastructure on each other needs to be understood. Each depends upon the other in many ways.It is not possible to look at them seperately without causing harm and lowering the efficiency of the country. Mission To create awareness for the citizens of I ndia in areas which are vital for the future of the nation, 18 www. wakeupcall. org The INDIA you may not know of 50,000 or more private I. T. training centers spread across the country. 9. I. T. & Software are only 2. 0% to 2. 5% of the world’s GDP. India’s present share is about 5% of GDP. For rapid economic growth and employment generation we need to concentrate on the balance 95% of the economy and enterprise and make it world class! 10. 00 million unemployed of employable age* and only 44 million have actually registered with employment offices with little or no hope of getting employment (our estimates)*. 11. Of all new employment generated, 1% are government jobs, 2% are in the ‘organized sector’ and the balance 97% in the ‘unorganized sector’. 12. Out of our 490 million workforce, 94 % work in the ‘unorganized sector’ and about 6% in the ‘organized sector’. Nearly 55% to 60% are self employed. 13. 2. 5% of the entire population, viz. 19 million people work for the central and state government; another 11 million work in the ‘private organized sector’.A small part of the population work in the organized sector. 14. All Labour Laws are made to protect, at any cost, the above 2. 5% of the Indian population. Article 311 of the Indian constitution needs relevant revision since it over protects employees of the Government even at a cost to the nation. 15. While MP’s, MLA’s and Municipal Councilors and the village panchayats, can only be elected for a maximum of 5 years, the officials, babus, and government employees enjoy life long benefits of employment, in spite of their performance. 16.We have 600 million illiterate people based on the international definition of the 3R’s (reading, writing and arithmetic or education at least up to primary level of class 5) 17. The Indian definition of literacy is based on a survey of people— â€Å"If you can write your name, you are literate†; nobody has seriously ever challenged this definition! 18. 290 million live below the Government of India’s definition of the poverty line of Wake up Call for INDIA 19 1. 71% or 840 million people are below 35 years of age. Indians are young. 2. 28 million people are born every year, 10 million die per year, population increase 1. % per year 3. 88% to 92% drop out rate of children between kindergarten and 10+2. This includes those who have never been to school. 4. 10% are the ones that cross the 10+2 stage, Educational ‘Line of Control’, which is our so called educated youth, go in for a regular college degree which may not be very relevant in today’s context for the sake of employment generation and national GDP enhancement. 5. 62% of all graduates from the 37,000 colleges are Arts graduates. Balance 38% in science, commerce, medical, engineering, I. T. , law, management and special subjects. 6.While 80% of the world you th between 15 to 35 years of age learn a vocation, a skill or a trade, with a choice of 3000 vocational education and training (VET) programs, in 15,000 modules, we in India have only identified about 400 courses after 66 years of Independence and hardly 2% to 2. 5% of the population goes for formal VET training! 7. We can get engineers and MBA’s in India but no carpenters, plumbers, drivers, repairmen and other skilled personnel as per international standards in the other 2,500 vocational trades. 8. Information Technology, software or I. T. are the only exceptions.Perhaps because India 1st Rs. 26 (rural India) to Rs 32 (urban India) per day! this is based on being able to buy enough rice and wheat from the Public Distribution System, PDS system and ration shops, which has food value of 2200 kilo calories per day. 19. Nobody has ever challenged this definition of ‘Poverty Line’. How can one expect people to live with a few kilos of raw uncooked wheat or rice? As human beings, don’t we need more? How about one set of clothes to cover our bodies, a set of chappals for our feet, some vegetables, milk and fruit, in our diet? How will we cook without any energy and fuel? 0. 450 million* live below the poverty line definition of the World Bank's old definition of @ US$1 (Rs. 50) per day per person, or US$ 365 per year. 800 million* people live below the poverty line definition of the World Bank's new definition of @ US$ 2 (Rs. 100) per day per person, or US$730 per year. (our estimates)* 21. Average Per Capita of an Indian is about US$ 1530 per year per person (1. 21 billion people and a GDP of US$ 1853 billion). Average earning of an Indian is US$ 4. 10 per day. 22. India has only 2. 6% of the World GDP and has 17% of the world population.Demands are high but buying power is low. Hence we will need to increase our export related activities by 10 times, as the foreign markets are 60 times bigger than the Indian market. Our share of world m arkets or foreign trade is 2. 2%, down from 33% 1000 years ago, down from 27% when the British landed in India and down from 3% in 1947. 23. Only 7% of all Indians understand English, yet most of the websites of the government of India, state governments and public institutions are in the English language! 24. While English is a language used in countries which account for about 38% of the world GDP, viz. USA + UK + old British colonies, yet in India, while we talk of globalization, we are not serious about learning the other languages of the world, eg. , Japanese, German, Spanish etc, unlike the Chinese youth who are doing so otherwise. 25. India is probably at the bottom of the heap, as far as the human development index is concerned such as infant mortality, child care, malnutrition, women’s health, sicknesses, disease, health, clean drinking water, etc. 26. Democracy is to the people, for the people, by the people. If we have to succeed, the citizen has to get involved an d participate in governance. 7. Unlike other countries, we have 22 official languages, 2,600 dialects, all religions of the world, and due to low human and economic development, emphasis on SC, ST, dalits, caste, religion, sects, minorities, regions, ethnic groups, etc. 28. Employment generation is restricted due to existing policies which do not encourage â€Å"Labour Intensive† enterprises. Relevant labour reforms in line with prevailing practices in other countries of Asia are required for a level playing field for Indian organizations. 29. The size of Enterprises cannot be decided by officials in the central government.They are decided by technology, process, international market forces and competitive pressures. Reservation for small scale industry, SSI, needs to be scrapped and SME’s should be encouraged. SSI’s are 5% of the Indian GDP. 99. 7% of all organizations in the world are SME’s. 70% to 80% of the Indian GDP are SME’s. We need to unde rstand the meaning of ‘E’ in MSME (small and medium enterprises). 30. As per www. loksatta. org, about Rs. 3,200 crores are spent every day, to govern India at the centre and state levels, both on revenue as well as on capital account. Is this transparent? Is the money well spent?Citizens need to use The Right to Information, RTI bill, and also take part in the governance of India, through citizen groups. 31. About 800 members of parliament in the lok sabha and rajya sabha and 4,210 members of the state legislature assemblies control this expenditure of Rs. 3,200 crore per day. You may download a sample of the contents of this book, Transforming India, from our website in English, Marathi, Gujarati, Urdu, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese and Punjabi. < 1 million = 10 lacs> 20 www. wakeupcall. org India 1st Agenda of Transforming INDIA nto an Economic Power & Developed Nation Priority 1 Relevant HRD, deregulate H&T education & Vocational training 1. 100% Primary Functional Literacy Learn to read and write any Indian language in 40 to 60 hours @ 1 hour per day for 5 days a week. Nearly 500 million people need to learn the 3 R’s which are reading, writing and arithmetic. As per the government of India, the average literacy rate is 64%, based on the indian definition, if you can write your name. If one uses the international definition, like minimum primary education as the criteria, the actual literacy rate would come down to 40%!We need to achieve 100% functional literacy in the next 10 years! 2. Primary & secondary education The dropout rate of 90% in schools, from kindergarten to class 12th, must be reduced to less than 10%. This includes children who have never attended school. 3. Enterprise Skills Development or ESD. We suggest that this should be started from class 5th right upto class 12th. ESD is ‘about enterprises and how the real world works’. Helps decide future choice of profession for the youth. Builds confidence in ourself. Only two hours per week are required. 4. Vocational Education & Training or VET.VET teaches the youth a skill or a competence or a trade. One learns to do some skilled job! In developed countries, 80% of the youth from age of 14 to 35 should go in for VET. This would mean about 50 million people per year. 5. Except for I. T. , which is 2. 5% of world’s GDP, where there may be 50,000 private training centres operating in India; where are the training centres to run the balance 97% of the skills, trades, competances required to run the nation? India 1st 6. Liberalize Education Decontrol and privatize all forms of education like business was in 1991!Make India an International Hub for Education 7. The I. T. business, ever since inception, has been outside the control and regulation of the central and state governments. Market forces, fierce competition, and constant innovation has allowed Indian I. T. education to be world class. 8. Priv ate and NRI participation in education Government should concentrate up to high school only, from class 1 to 10 only. The rest they should leave to the private sector 9. Entrepreneurship Institutes in each Block Entrepreneur promotional institutes, in all the blocks of the states. 7% of new employment is in the unorganized sector and SME’s. We need skill sets for the youth. 10. India will only prosper when the Goddess of Learning, ‘Saraswati’ is unshakled and unchained as was the Goddess of Wealth ‘Lakshmi’ in 1991. Priority 2 Good Governance Benefits of leadership and good governance are highlighted in ten different articles. If one looks at the contents page, one will notice that nearly 81% of our articles are ‘People Dependant’, ten on Governance and twelve on Human Resource Development and Sixteen on Employment Generation!One can understand Good Governance, only if we understand the effects of bad governance. Many such examples have been given in our articles for this very reason. Wake up Call for INDIA 21 Focus on HRD, governance, economy and employment generation Priority 3 Central government policy changes 1. Removal of SSI (small scale industry) reservation. Reservation does more harm than good. 2. Amend Labour and Employee Laws and give local enterprises and organizations a level playing field on par with other developing Nations of Asia and Latin America. 3.Encourage â€Å"labour intensive† technologies for employment generation. 4. Recognize the meaning and importance of ‘MSMEs’ (micro, small medium enterprise) and not ‘SSIs’ (small scale industry). We must understand the importance of the ‘M’ and the ‘E’ in SME’s as ‘MSMEs’ account for 80% of the Indian economy against 5% in SSI. While the MSME Bill was passed in 2006. Indian MSMEs still have to align themselves to global standards. Large organizations subcontract most of the ir non-core business to highly productive and cost- effective MSMEs. 1. Trading, wholesale & retail, are 15 times bigger than I.T. (big employment and GDP generator) 2. Manufacturing, as an enterprise, is 11 times bigger than I. T. (generates about 75% of government revenues) 3. Health Care, as an enterprise is 4 times bigger than I. T. (big employment and GDP generator) 4. Travel & Tourism, as an enterprise is 6 times bigger than I. T. (big employment and GDP generator) 5. Education, as an enterprise is 4 times bigger than I. T. (big employment and GDP generator) Priority 5 Funding infrastructure – US$ 1500 Billion ‘Special’ – Infra Bonds Infrastructure needs funding at 6% to 8% per year, rate of interest.The tenure of borrowing needs to be extended to at least 10-15-20 years, since it takes nearly 5 years for ‘building’ and another 5 years for ‘Gestation and break-even’. These bonds should be of low-interest but with incentives and tax breaks. Priority 6 Awareness program for the above 5 priority areas By the use of our 102 page book, Transforming INDIA through education, awareness with relevant solutions and action plans are our prime objective. Our book is a step in that direction. It has 47 articles and notes on Governance, Human Resource Development, Enterprise & Economy & Employment Generation.Our website at www. wakeupcall. org details out much more than this book. Besides English, the Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Oriya, Assamese and Punjabi versions of some relevant portions are available. Only 7% of Indian understand English, therefore Indian languages are required. India 1st Priority 4 Export activities of the economy, other than software Software and I. T. is 2. 5% of the World’s GDP, we need to look at the balance 97. 5% of the economic sector in the world markets!The five areas of economic activity, mentioned below, are only some examples, t here are many others. 22 www. wakeupcall. org Economic and business reforms After 66 years of Independence, where are we? After 66 years of Independence, if we bench mark India against other countries of the world, especially with those in Asia, we note that though a lot has been achieved by us, a lot more needs to be done. We need to learn from our past and move boldly into the future. India has achieved many milestones, but not enough to eradicate poverty, illiteracy and other vital issues, for the 1,210 million people of India.In spite of India’s glorious past history and present outstanding world class quality of our human capital, which not only is responsible for running many organizations, in manufacturing, trading and services sectors, around the world but also responsible for advising many countries on this planet, we have not been able to put our own ‘house in order’ to world class standards. We are not able to always use the best effective human capita l for running the country, both for the public as well as the private sectors! This needs to be suitably amended.In the first instance, we need to start taking some simple and effective measures which are for the good of the majority of the people of India. We should plan to become a resource base for world markets since 98. 2% of the world’s buying power and 99. 0% of the world’s trade is not with India! Good Governance is the ‘Golden Key’ Good governance can unlock India’s latent potential! We have been analyzing India’s problems based on years of research, analysis and personal interviews with thousands of Indian citizens as well as NRIs and PIOs.India needs to improve it's governance and administration to world class standards, as soon as possible. We firmly believe that India would be rated as the No. 1 country in the world, as far as potential vs performance is concerned! Let us unleash this latent power and energy for the benefit of th e 1,210 million Indians, and for the benefit of mankind on our planet. India needs a new and innovative paradigm shift in thought process and planning for achieveing a 10% to 14% GDP growth rate per year 1. Why can’t we have 100 zones on our coastline, each one equivalent to a Dubai, Singapore or a Hong Kong?These 100 zones will in effect increase the GDP of India by 500% in 15 to 20 years! China has more than 500 Special Economic Zones (SEZ’s)! 2. Our suggested ‘Relevant Manufacturing Policy’ for India can also enhance the GDP to double digit growth. We can achieve high growth rates of the Asian Tigers, including China, provided we follow such policies! See our website www. wakeupcall. org and this book for details. 3. The existing educational policy, on human development, caters mostly for higher education. About 25 million people of different age groups, enter the system every year.About 3 million make it in higher education, the balance 22 million â₠¬Ëœdrop off’ at various stages. We need to change the policy to benefit these 22 million. 4. Make ‘some part or parts’ of coastal India as ‘tax free zones’, Use the best examples of Mauritus, Isle of Man, Sychelles, UAE, Bermuda, Luxumberg, Monaco and Lichtchenstien. Tourism, exports, FDI, investment, employment generation, education, vocational training, infrastructure, law & order, reduction of corruption, improvement of health services and GDP can improve at a faster rate with education good governance and effective administration.Wake up Call for INDIA 23 India should learn from the best! We should either try to teach the world, if we are better than them, or be humble enough to learn from the best around us, other options are irrelevant! W. Edwards Deming, one of the world’s greatest management and quality gurus, when asked, what his one point recipe for nations and organizations was, said, â€Å"People are important†. Experience o f other countries! Alan Greenspan, the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of USA, once remarked that â€Å"lack of labour rigidity is the key to success in the US†.The US has benefited much more than Europe and Japan because American businesses enjoy the freedom to hire and fire and only keep the best human resources. S. E. Asia and China have greatly benefited due to flexible and fair (for the masses), human resource policies. India 1st Governance & administration Primary duty of politicians and officials 1. Rate of growth Due to reforms in the last decade we consider 8% to 10% as the ‘New rate of growth’ of the economy. India needs to grow at 10% to 14% per year, to meet the well being and aspirations of its people. This goal is achievable with Education, Good Governance and Effective Administration. . Democracy – what does it mean? 2. Cost of Governance in India As per www. loksatta. org, an NGO based in Hyderabad, the expenditure on ‘Governance of India’, by the 790 politicians at the Centre, the 4,120 in the 35 States and Union Territories and the 19 million employees of the Central and State Governments use about Rs. 3,200 crore per day or Rs. 1,168,000 crore per year, both on capital and revenue accounts. About 1. 87% of Indians govern 1,210 million people! This comes to about US$ 234 billion or nearly 14% of India’s Gross domestic product or GDP! Are Indian citizens getting their money’s worth?Only you the Indian citizen can give the actual and final answer. You be the judge of your own country and decide. Our study clearly indicates that the people of India desire and deserve much better Governance and Administration. Democracy is of the people, for the people and by the people. Citizens must play an active role. As President John F. Kennedy said, â€Å"ask not what the country has done for you, but what you have done for the country†. In a world of globalization and keen competition, Indi ans will have to